Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which vertebrae is the center of gravity in adults?
Which vertebrae is the center of gravity in adults?
- First lumbar vertebra
- Twelfth thoracic vertebra
- Second sacral vertebra (correct)
- First cervical vertebra
At what age do children's legs naturally straighten?
At what age do children's legs naturally straighten?
- 18 months
- 6 years (correct)
- 3 years
- 9 years
What causes the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
What causes the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
- Weakness of the abdominal musculature
- Presence of large abdominal contents
- Small pelvis characteristic of children
- All of the above (correct)
What is the initial appearance of a child's foot arch?
What is the initial appearance of a child's foot arch?
When does the second growth spurt occur in humans?
When does the second growth spurt occur in humans?
What is the most common cause of poor posture?
What is the most common cause of poor posture?
Which of the following is NOT a structural factor that can affect posture?
Which of the following is NOT a structural factor that can affect posture?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is posture?
What is posture?
Which factor can affect posture based on age?
Which factor can affect posture based on age?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
Which factor can affect posture based on recreational activities?
Which factor can affect posture based on recreational activities?
Which of the following is true about correct posture?
Which of the following is true about correct posture?
What is the definition of faulty posture?
What is the definition of faulty posture?
According to Sahrmann, which is more likely to lead to symptoms?
According to Sahrmann, which is more likely to lead to symptoms?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body cause?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body cause?
What are the primary curves of the spine?
What are the primary curves of the spine?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination to approximately 40° and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination to approximately 40° and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a posterior curvature of the spine and is an exaggeration of the normal curve found in the thoracic spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a posterior curvature of the spine and is an exaggeration of the normal curve found in the thoracic spine?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a localized, sharp posterior angulation in the thoracic spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a localized, sharp posterior angulation in the thoracic spine?
Which muscle groups correspond to antagonistic weaknesses in poor posture?
Which muscle groups correspond to antagonistic weaknesses in poor posture?
What is a possible cause of poor postural habits in children?
What is a possible cause of poor postural habits in children?
What can be a result of an early, rapid growth spurt in children?
What can be a result of an early, rapid growth spurt in children?
What is a possible cause of poor posture due to muscle imbalance?
What is a possible cause of poor posture due to muscle imbalance?
What can cause poor posture due to pain?
What can cause poor posture due to pain?
What are some factors that may lead to poor posture?
What are some factors that may lead to poor posture?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of upright posture?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of upright posture?
What is the result of faulty postural alignment between individual segments of the body?
What is the result of faulty postural alignment between individual segments of the body?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body result in?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body result in?
What causes the secondary curves of the spine to appear in children?
What causes the secondary curves of the spine to appear in children?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
What is the purpose of the primary curves of the spine?
What is the purpose of the primary curves of the spine?
Which of the following can cause poor posture in children?
Which of the following can cause poor posture in children?
What is one of the causes of increased lordosis?
What is one of the causes of increased lordosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
What is one of the structural factors that can cause an alteration of posture?
What is one of the structural factors that can cause an alteration of posture?
Which method is commonly used for postural assessment?
Which method is commonly used for postural assessment?
What are some common causes of postural nonstructural faults?
What are some common causes of postural nonstructural faults?
Which of the following is a postural factor that can affect correct posture?
Which of the following is a postural factor that can affect correct posture?
What is the term used to describe the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
What is the term used to describe the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lower crossed syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lower crossed syndrome?
At what age do females generally enter puberty?
At what age do females generally enter puberty?
What is the term used to describe the increased pelvic inclination and kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
What is the term used to describe the increased pelvic inclination and kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
Which of the following is NOT a structural factor that can affect correct posture?
Which of the following is NOT a structural factor that can affect correct posture?
Which factors can affect posture?
Which factors can affect posture?
What is the disadvantage of an erect posture?
What is the disadvantage of an erect posture?
What is the definition of posture?
What is the definition of posture?
Which postural deviation is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
Which postural deviation is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body cause?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body cause?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a decreased pelvic inclination to 20° and a mobile lumbar spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a decreased pelvic inclination to 20° and a mobile lumbar spine?
What is the most common cause of kyphosis?
What is the most common cause of kyphosis?
Which muscle groups are typically weak in individuals with exaggerated lumbar lordosis?
Which muscle groups are typically weak in individuals with exaggerated lumbar lordosis?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly associated with tightness of the hip extensors, lower lumbar extensors, and upper abdominals?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly associated with tightness of the hip extensors, lower lumbar extensors, and upper abdominals?
What is the most common area for Scheuermann's disease to occur?
What is the most common area for Scheuermann's disease to occur?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which of the following can cause poor posture in children?
Which of the following can cause poor posture in children?
What is one of the causes of increased lordosis?
What is one of the causes of increased lordosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body result in?
What can chronic abnormal stresses on the body result in?
Which muscle groups are typically weak in individuals with exaggerated lumbar lordosis?
Which muscle groups are typically weak in individuals with exaggerated lumbar lordosis?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child's posture?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child's posture?
At what age do the legs of a child naturally straighten?
At what age do the legs of a child naturally straighten?
What causes the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
What causes the exaggerated lumbar curve in children?
What happens to the medial arch of a child's foot as they grow?
What happens to the medial arch of a child's foot as they grow?
During adolescence, posture changes can occur due to what factor?
During adolescence, posture changes can occur due to what factor?
Which crossed syndrome is characterized by tightness of the anterior deep neck flexors and the upper trapezius?
Which crossed syndrome is characterized by tightness of the anterior deep neck flexors and the upper trapezius?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is the definition of posture?
What is the definition of posture?
What is one of the factors that can affect posture based on age?
What is one of the factors that can affect posture based on age?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by sagging shoulders and poking forward of the head?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
What is the term used to describe the optimal alignment of the body that allows the neuromuscular system to perform actions requiring the least amount of energy to achieve the desired effect?
What is the term used to describe the optimal alignment of the body that allows the neuromuscular system to perform actions requiring the least amount of energy to achieve the desired effect?
What is the term used to describe a static position that increases stress to the joints?
What is the term used to describe a static position that increases stress to the joints?
According to Sahrmann, which type of postural malalignment is more likely to lead to symptoms?
According to Sahrmann, which type of postural malalignment is more likely to lead to symptoms?
What can result from the cumulative effect of repeated small stresses or constant abnormal stresses on the body?
What can result from the cumulative effect of repeated small stresses or constant abnormal stresses on the body?
What are the curves of the spine found at birth called?
What are the curves of the spine found at birth called?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
What happens to the secondary curves of the spine in old age?
Which of the following postural deviations is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination to approximately 40° and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
Which of the following postural deviations is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination to approximately 40° and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine?
What is the term used to describe a posterior curvature of the spine?
What is the term used to describe a posterior curvature of the spine?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which type of postural deviation is commonly caused by osteoporosis and is characterized by degeneration and wedge-shaped anterior direction of the thoracic vertebral bodies?
Which of the following is NOT a type of kyphosis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of kyphosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
What is the term used to describe a structural deformity in the thoracic spine that is commonly the result of a fracture or pathology?
What is the term used to describe a structural deformity in the thoracic spine that is commonly the result of a fracture or pathology?
Which of the following body types is characterized by a relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic ectoderm?
Which of the following body types is characterized by a relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic ectoderm?
What is the purpose of observing a patient's posture in different positions?
What is the purpose of observing a patient's posture in different positions?
What is the most common cause of asymmetry in standing posture?
What is the most common cause of asymmetry in standing posture?
Which postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
Which postural deviation is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What is the advantage of an erect posture?
What should the examiner look for when observing a patient's posture?
What should the examiner look for when observing a patient's posture?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity?
What can cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What can cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis in the cervical spine?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis in the cervical spine?
Which condition can cause scoliosis as a result of persistent joint contracture?
Which condition can cause scoliosis as a result of persistent joint contracture?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from muscular disease?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from muscular disease?
What can cause torticollis in the cervical spine?
What can cause torticollis in the cervical spine?
Which type of scoliosis is usually found in the cervical, lumbar, or thoracolumbar area?
Which type of scoliosis is usually found in the cervical, lumbar, or thoracolumbar area?
What is the most common type of scoliosis?
What is the most common type of scoliosis?
Which of the following is a normal range for the carrying angle at the elbow?
Which of the following is a normal range for the carrying angle at the elbow?
What happens to the vertebral bodies in structural scoliosis?
What happens to the vertebral bodies in structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of the spine in structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of the spine in structural scoliosis?
In the relaxed standing position, the palms of both hands face
In the relaxed standing position, the palms of both hands face
If one ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) is higher than the other, what is a possibility?
If one ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) is higher than the other, what is a possibility?
What happens to the disc spaces in structural scoliosis?
What happens to the disc spaces in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What does it mean if the patellae of the knees face outward?
What does it mean if the patellae of the knees face outward?
What type of postural deviation is characterized by an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt?
What type of postural deviation is characterized by an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt?
What can bowing of bone indicate?
What can bowing of bone indicate?
Which of the following statements about postural sway is true?
Which of the following statements about postural sway is true?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance?
Which model is used to explain postural control during standing?
Which model is used to explain postural control during standing?
Which muscle group is commonly affected by fatigue and affects postural control?
Which muscle group is commonly affected by fatigue and affects postural control?
At what time point following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were postural control variables most significantly different?
At what time point following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were postural control variables most significantly different?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect postural control?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect postural control?
Which type of scoliosis is most commonly seen in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of scoliosis is most commonly seen in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of scoliosis does not have bony deformity and is not progressive?
Which type of scoliosis does not have bony deformity and is not progressive?
Which type of scoliosis accounts for 75% to 85% of all cases of structural scoliosis?
Which type of scoliosis accounts for 75% to 85% of all cases of structural scoliosis?
What happens to the vertebral bodies in structural scoliosis?
What happens to the vertebral bodies in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of the spine in structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of the spine in structural scoliosis?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity and may be caused by wedge vertebra, hemivertebra, or failure of segmentation?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity and may be caused by wedge vertebra, hemivertebra, or failure of segmentation?
What is the term used to describe a lateral curvature of the spine?
What is the term used to describe a lateral curvature of the spine?
Which type of scoliosis is usually found in the cervical spine?
Which type of scoliosis is usually found in the cervical spine?
What can cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What can cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from an upper or lower motor neuron lesion?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from an upper or lower motor neuron lesion?
What is the most famous example of scoliosis?
What is the most famous example of scoliosis?
Which of the following is true about postural sway?
Which of the following is true about postural sway?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance?
What is the underlying theory of postural control based on?
What is the underlying theory of postural control based on?
What is the most significant factor affecting postural control according to recent evidence?
What is the most significant factor affecting postural control according to recent evidence?
When observing the patient from the front, what should the examiner note about the head position?
When observing the patient from the front, what should the examiner note about the head position?
What should the examiner note about the shoulders when observing the patient from the front?
What should the examiner note about the shoulders when observing the patient from the front?
What is the purpose of assessing a patient's posture in different positions?
What is the purpose of assessing a patient's posture in different positions?
What should the examiner look for when observing a patient's posture?
What should the examiner look for when observing a patient's posture?
What are the primary positions in which posture should be assessed?
What are the primary positions in which posture should be assessed?
What is the advantage of assessing a patient's posture in the habitual, relaxed posture?
What is the advantage of assessing a patient's posture in the habitual, relaxed posture?
What is one of the causes of poor posture due to muscle imbalance?
What is one of the causes of poor posture due to muscle imbalance?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
What is one of the occupational factors that can affect posture?
Which of the following is NOT a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is NOT a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of leg length discrepancy or pelvic rotation when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of leg length discrepancy or pelvic rotation when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of abnormal femoral torsion or hip retroversion-anteversion problems when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of abnormal femoral torsion or hip retroversion-anteversion problems when assessing posture?
Which of the following is NOT a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is NOT a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following body types is characterized by a heavy or fat body build?
Which of the following body types is characterized by a heavy or fat body build?
What is the primary method of assessing posture?
What is the primary method of assessing posture?
Which of the following is a possible indication of what may be causing a postural fault?
Which of the following is a possible indication of what may be causing a postural fault?
Which of the following postures should be assessed when evaluating posture?
Which of the following postures should be assessed when evaluating posture?
What type of scoliosis may be present in standing due to a short leg but disappear on forward flexion?
What type of scoliosis may be present in standing due to a short leg but disappear on forward flexion?
What should the examiner watch for when observing a patient for abnormalities in posture?
What should the examiner watch for when observing a patient for abnormalities in posture?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity?
Which type of scoliosis primarily involves bony deformity?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis in the cervical spine?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis in the cervical spine?
What may cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What may cause nonstructural or functional scoliosis?
What is the most famous example of scoliosis?
What is the most famous example of scoliosis?
What type of scoliosis may be caused by wedge vertebra or failure of segmentation?
What type of scoliosis may be caused by wedge vertebra or failure of segmentation?
What type of scoliosis lacks normal flexibility and has asymmetrical side bending?
What type of scoliosis lacks normal flexibility and has asymmetrical side bending?
Which type of scoliosis is most commonly seen in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of scoliosis is most commonly seen in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine?
Which type of scoliosis is not progressive and shows segmental limitation?
Which type of scoliosis is not progressive and shows segmental limitation?
Which type of scoliosis accounts for 75% to 85% of all cases of structural scoliosis?
Which type of scoliosis accounts for 75% to 85% of all cases of structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of a scoliotic curve?
What is the term used to describe the fixed rotational prominence on the convex side of a scoliotic curve?
What happens to the disc spaces in structural scoliosis?
What happens to the disc spaces in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of a lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is the consequence of a lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
Which of the following is true about normal standing posture?
Which of the following is true about normal standing posture?
What is the center of pressure in standing posture?
What is the center of pressure in standing posture?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance called?
What is the maximum angle from vertical that can be tolerated without a loss of balance called?
What is the underlying theory of postural control based on?
What is the underlying theory of postural control based on?
How do postural control variables change following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
How do postural control variables change following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
What is the most significant factor affecting postural control according to recent evidence?
What is the most significant factor affecting postural control according to recent evidence?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate a rotation in the upper limb?
Which of the following can indicate a rotation in the upper limb?
Which of the following can cause a person to feel that one leg is shorter than the other?
Which of the following can cause a person to feel that one leg is shorter than the other?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of one leg being shorter than the other or the pelvis being rotated or shifted more on one side?
Which of the following can indicate a possibility of one leg being shorter than the other or the pelvis being rotated or shifted more on one side?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following is a normal finding when assessing posture?
Which of the following can indicate an abnormality in posture?
Which of the following can indicate an abnormality in posture?
Which of the following is a key factor in maintaining proper back posture?
Which of the following is a key factor in maintaining proper back posture?
What is the normal pelvic angle in maintaining proper back posture?
What is the normal pelvic angle in maintaining proper back posture?
What is the recommended position for the feet and knees when assessing forward flexion?
What is the recommended position for the feet and knees when assessing forward flexion?
What can cause the spine to rotate during forward flexion, giving a false view?
What can cause the spine to rotate during forward flexion, giving a false view?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lower crossed syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the lower crossed syndrome?
What is the term used to describe a flatfoot deformity?
What is the term used to describe a flatfoot deformity?
What is the normal range of knee flexion in the normal standing position?
What is the normal range of knee flexion in the normal standing position?
Which line of reference divides the body into front and back halves when observing posture from the side?
Which line of reference divides the body into front and back halves when observing posture from the side?
Excessive lumbar lordosis may be present if the chin pokes forward due to what compensatory change?
Excessive lumbar lordosis may be present if the chin pokes forward due to what compensatory change?
What may give the appearance of an exaggerated lordosis when observing the spinal curve?
What may give the appearance of an exaggerated lordosis when observing the spinal curve?
If the scapulae are flat and the patient has rounded shoulders, what illusion may be created when observing the thoracic spine?
If the scapulae are flat and the patient has rounded shoulders, what illusion may be created when observing the thoracic spine?
What is indicated if the shoulders droop forward and the scapulae protract?
What is indicated if the shoulders droop forward and the scapulae protract?
What can lead to postural alterations if they are weak or in spasm?
What can lead to postural alterations if they are weak or in spasm?
What is the normal pelvic angle or tilt range?
What is the normal pelvic angle or tilt range?
Which position should the patient be in for the examiner to observe the position of the head, neck, and shoulder girdle?
Which position should the patient be in for the examiner to observe the position of the head, neck, and shoulder girdle?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position?
What may indicate a shortened tibia when observing the patient in the supine-lying position?
What may indicate a shortened tibia when observing the patient in the supine-lying position?
What should be noted when observing the patient in the supine-lying position to see if there is an abduction or adduction contracture at the hip?
What should be noted when observing the patient in the supine-lying position to see if there is an abduction or adduction contracture at the hip?
What position should the patient be in for the examiner to observe any spinal deviations, such as Sprengel’s deformity or rib hump?
What position should the patient be in for the examiner to observe any spinal deviations, such as Sprengel’s deformity or rib hump?
What should the examiner determine when the patient is lying prone?
What should the examiner determine when the patient is lying prone?
What should be noted when the patient is lying prone to see if there is any spinal deviation?
What should be noted when the patient is lying prone to see if there is any spinal deviation?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test?
What is the correct procedure for performing the slump test?
What is the correct procedure for performing the slump test?
What is the purpose of the Thomas test?
What is the purpose of the Thomas test?
What is the purpose of functional assessment of posture?
What is the purpose of functional assessment of posture?
What is the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)?
What is the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)?
What is the recommended distance between the legs during leg length measurement?
What is the recommended distance between the legs during leg length measurement?
What should the examiner do if the patient is unable to fully extend the knee during the slump test?
What should the examiner do if the patient is unable to fully extend the knee during the slump test?
What is the purpose of the Flexicurve ruler?
What is the purpose of the Flexicurve ruler?
What is the recommended position of the hips during the slump test?
What is the recommended position of the hips during the slump test?
What is the normal pelvic angle when assessing posture?
What is the normal pelvic angle when assessing posture?
What is the purpose of flexing forward at the hips during a posture assessment?
What is the purpose of flexing forward at the hips during a posture assessment?
Which muscles are responsible for holding or balancing the pelvis in the proper position?
Which muscles are responsible for holding or balancing the pelvis in the proper position?
What is the purpose of assessing additional postures during a posture assessment?
What is the purpose of assessing additional postures during a posture assessment?
What can an alteration from the correct forward flexion posture cause?
What can an alteration from the correct forward flexion posture cause?
What can an asymmetry of the rib cage during forward flexion indicate?
What can an asymmetry of the rib cage during forward flexion indicate?
What is the purpose of using a chart to estimate the focal height of a child?
What is the purpose of using a chart to estimate the focal height of a child?
Which line of reference divides the body into front and back halves when viewed from the side?
Which line of reference divides the body into front and back halves when viewed from the side?
What compensatory change may be present if the chin pokes forward?
What compensatory change may be present if the chin pokes forward?
What may give the appearance of an exaggerated lordosis when assessing the spinal curve?
What may give the appearance of an exaggerated lordosis when assessing the spinal curve?
What may give the illusion of an increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine?
What may give the illusion of an increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine?
What is indicated when the shoulders droop forward and the scapulae protract?
What is indicated when the shoulders droop forward and the scapulae protract?
What can lead to postural alterations if they are weak or in spasm?
What can lead to postural alterations if they are weak or in spasm?
What are two chest deformities that should be checked for during postural assessment?
What are two chest deformities that should be checked for during postural assessment?
Which of the following tests should be performed if the hip flexors appear tight?
Which of the following tests should be performed if the hip flexors appear tight?
What is the recommended position of the hips during the slump test?
What is the recommended position of the hips during the slump test?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test?
What is the purpose of the slump test?
What is the purpose of the slump test?
What is the purpose of functional assessment of posture?
What is the purpose of functional assessment of posture?
What is the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)?
What is the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)?
Which test has poor inter- and intrarater reliability for measuring core stability?
Which test has poor inter- and intrarater reliability for measuring core stability?
What should the examiner do if the patient is unable to fully extend the knee during the slump test?
What should the examiner do if the patient is unable to fully extend the knee during the slump test?
What is considered a normal difference in leg length?
What is considered a normal difference in leg length?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that the examiner should determine when assessing the patient's posture in the standing position?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that the examiner should determine when assessing the patient's posture in the standing position?
When assessing the patient's posture in the sitting position, which of the following observations is NOT necessary?
When assessing the patient's posture in the sitting position, which of the following observations is NOT necessary?
In the supine-lying position, what observation may indicate tight hip flexors?
In the supine-lying position, what observation may indicate tight hip flexors?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying prone?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying prone?
If the patient experiences symptoms when arising from supine lying or going into the supine position, what should the examiner do?
If the patient experiences symptoms when arising from supine lying or going into the supine position, what should the examiner do?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying supine?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying supine?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying prone?
What observation should the examiner make when the patient is lying prone?
Which of the following conditions may cause an excessive lumbar lordosis when observing posture from the side?
Which of the following conditions may cause an excessive lumbar lordosis when observing posture from the side?
What may give the illusion of an increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine when observing posture from the side?
What may give the illusion of an increased kyphosis in the thoracic spine when observing posture from the side?
What may be indicated by the shoulders drooping forward when observing posture from the side?
What may be indicated by the shoulders drooping forward when observing posture from the side?
What can lead to postural alterations when observing posture from the side?
What can lead to postural alterations when observing posture from the side?
What deformities should be checked for when observing posture from the side?
What deformities should be checked for when observing posture from the side?
What should be the position of the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) in relation to the ASIS when observing posture from the side?
What should be the position of the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) in relation to the ASIS when observing posture from the side?
In what positions can the knees be when observing posture from the side?
In what positions can the knees be when observing posture from the side?
What is the normal pelvic angle in a standing posture?
What is the normal pelvic angle in a standing posture?
What can an alteration from the recommended forward flexion posture cause?
What can an alteration from the recommended forward flexion posture cause?
What can an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt indicate?
What can an increase in the pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt indicate?
What can cause an exaggeration of the normal curve found in the thoracic spine?
What can cause an exaggeration of the normal curve found in the thoracic spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a posterior curvature of the spine?
Which type of postural deviation is characterized by a posterior curvature of the spine?
What is the purpose of assessing additional postures such as positional, sustained, or repetitive?
What is the purpose of assessing additional postures such as positional, sustained, or repetitive?
Which muscles must be strong, supple, and balanced for the pelvis to sit properly on the femur?
Which muscles must be strong, supple, and balanced for the pelvis to sit properly on the femur?
Which position should the patient be in when the examiner observes the position of the head, neck, and shoulder girdle?
Which position should the patient be in when the examiner observes the position of the head, neck, and shoulder girdle?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position?
What may indicate a shortened tibia when observing the patient in the sitting position?
What may indicate a shortened tibia when observing the patient in the sitting position?
What may indicate a shortened femur on one side when observing the patient in the sitting position?
What may indicate a shortened femur on one side when observing the patient in the sitting position?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position regarding the lumbar curve?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position regarding the lumbar curve?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position regarding the lower limbs?
What should the examiner note when the patient is in the supine-lying position regarding the lower limbs?
What should the examiner observe when the patient is sitting without a back support?
What should the examiner observe when the patient is sitting without a back support?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of the leg length measurement test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of the slump test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of the slump test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of the Thomas test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of the Thomas test during a postural assessment?
What is the purpose of functional assessment in postural analysis?
What is the purpose of functional assessment in postural analysis?
What is the purpose of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool?
What is the purpose of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool?
What is the advantage of assessing a patient's posture in the habitual, relaxed posture?
What is the advantage of assessing a patient's posture in the habitual, relaxed posture?
What is the primary purpose of the Flexicurve ruler in postural assessment?
What is the primary purpose of the Flexicurve ruler in postural assessment?
What is a possible consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is a possible consequence of lateral curvature exceeding 60° in structural scoliosis?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from muscular disease?
What is the term used to describe scoliosis resulting from muscular disease?
Study Notes
Posture
- Posture is the position in which one holds their body while standing, sitting, or lying down.
- The advantage of an erect posture is that it allows the neuromuscular system to perform actions requiring the least amount of energy to achieve the desired effect.
Developmental Changes in Posture
- In children, the legs naturally straighten around the age of 3-4 years.
- The exaggerated lumbar curve in children is caused by the center of gravity shifting forward.
- The secondary curves of the spine appear in children around 1-2 years old.
- In old age, the secondary curves of the spine degenerate and become less prominent.
Postural Deviations
- Lordotic posture is characterized by an increased pelvic angle to approximately 40° and an anterior pelvic tilt.
- Kyphotic posture is characterized by an increased pelvic inclination to approximately 40° and a kyphosis in the thoracolumbar spine.
- Swayback posture is characterized by a long, rounded curve with decreased pelvic inclination and thoracolumbar kyphosis.
- Scheuermann's disease is a type of kyphosis that commonly affects the thoracic spine.
Factors Affecting Posture
- Age is a factor that can affect posture, with developmental changes occurring throughout childhood and degenerative changes occurring in old age.
- Recreational activities, such as sports and exercise, can affect posture.
- Occupational factors, such as sitting or standing for long periods, can affect posture.
- Muscle imbalance and pain can also affect posture.
Structural and Nonstructural Factors
- Structural factors that can affect posture include muscle imbalance, osteoporosis, and scoliosis.
- Nonstructural factors that can affect posture include recreational activities, occupational factors, and age.
Assessment and Treatment
- Postural assessment is commonly used to identify postural deviations and develop treatment plans.
- Treatment plans may involve exercises to strengthen or stretch specific muscle groups, as well as lifestyle changes to improve posture.
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Description
Test your knowledge on child development and anatomy with this quiz! Learn about the changes in center of gravity, knee alignment, and more as children grow. Find out how these factors affect their balance and posture.
