Child Development and Psychology Quiz

The ability to control impulses and focus on tasks, increasing in middle childhood due to lower sex hormones and a shift toward cognition.

The capacity to understand and manage emotions effectively, including self-awareness, empathy, and social skills.

The period between ages 6 and 12, marked by a shift in focus from emotional to cognitive development.

The ability to think logically and concretely, using concrete objects and situations to understand concepts. For example, a child in this stage can understand that adding water to a glass will make it taller, but may struggle with abstract concepts like justice or fairness.

The ability to think about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations. This marks a significant developmental leap from concrete operational thought.

Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for middle childhood, where children are motivated to master skills and develop competence in academic and social domains.

The ability to understand and use language effectively is critical for social interaction, learning, and overall development.

A condition characterized by difficulties in language production or comprehension.

Specialized professionals who assess and help children with learning and memory difficulties due to brain development.

These professionals provide a comprehensive understanding of a child's learning and behavior challenges, linking them to brain function.

A period of intense skill development where individuals focus on mastering specific abilities.

Individual differences in skills become more apparent during middle childhood, forming the foundation for a sense of self.

A key developmental challenge in middle childhood where individuals strive to gain competence and master skills.

Skills developed during middle childhood often influence their future careers and economic success.

Parents' views about power and social roles shape their beliefs about how skills are acquired.

The need for ongoing support for using memory strategies is higher for certain individuals.

"Hot" inhibitory control tasks involve choosing the best option when there are both potential rewards and risks.

This task involves selecting cards from decks, some with high payouts and big losses, while others offer consistent but low payouts.

Children tend to be more drawn to immediate rewards, even if they lead to long-term losses.

The ability to resist immediate rewards in favor of larger, delayed rewards.

Executive functions help control thoughts and behaviors, while self-regulation refers to how we monitor and manage our actions and emotions.

Self-regulation in childhood can have a significant impact on a person's academic performance, social skills, and even future mental health.

Studies have shown that self-regulation in childhood can predict things like criminal behavior, mental health, and addiction later in life.

Children become better at delaying rewards and making more thoughtful decisions as they grow up.

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, impacting functioning and development.

A disorder affecting learning and using academic skills such as reading, writing, or math, despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunities.

A developmental disorder causing persistent problems with coordinated motor skills, leading to clumsiness, slowness, and inaccuracy in activities requiring fine or gross motor control.

One of the symptom groups in ADHD, characterized by excessive fidgeting, restlessness, and talking.

One of the symptom groups in ADHD, characterized by difficulty focusing, paying attention, and sticking to tasks.

One of the symptom groups in ADHD, characterized by acting without thinking, leading to impulsive decisions and actions.

A learning impairment in Specific Learning Disorder affecting reading skills, including accuracy, speed, and comprehension.

A learning impairment in Specific Learning Disorder affecting writing skills, including spelling, grammar, and organization.

Persistent, repetitive, and purposeless movements like hand waving, body rocking, or head banging, interfering with normal activity or causing harm.

Sudden, rapid, recurrent, and non-rhythmic motor movements or vocalizations.

Biologically based conditions starting in childhood, causing impairment in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Provides accommodations for individuals with disabilities in programs or activities funded by the Federal government.

Educational services tailored to meet the unique needs of children with physical and psychological disabilities.

A law ensuring accommodations for disabled individuals in federally funded programs.

A common issue in childhood, affecting 3-9%.

A common issue in childhood, affecting 3-4%, but with variations.

A legal framework that guarantees educational rights for individuals with disabilities, ensuring access to free, appropriate education and fair evaluation procedures.

A law that prohibits discrimination based on disability in various aspects, including employment, public facilities, and transportation.

A legal provision that prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs receiving federal funding.

Evaluations and tests should be adapted to consider the unique needs of individuals with disabilities, ensuring assessments are fair and accurate.

An educational program tailored to the individual student's needs, providing meaningful learning opportunities, not just basic care.

Procedures for resolving disagreements between individuals with disabilities and schools or professionals, ensuring fairness and accessibility for all parties.

The individual's education plan should be designed to address their specific educational needs and goals.

This act emphasizes accountability for student progress, including those with disabilities, requiring states to develop performance measures and intervene in low-performing schools.