Child Development and Piaget's Theory

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What is the first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget's model?

Formal operational

Concrete operational

Sensorimotor (correct)

Preoperational

What is the primary characteristic of the Preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Ability to perform mental operations on concrete objects

Egocentrism and inability to take the perspective of others (correct)

Abstract and logical thinking

Reliance on instincts and reflexes to interact with the environment

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of social development in adolescence?

Moral development

Attainment of social skills

Formation of the self-concept

Puberty (correct)

What is the primary difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?

Fluid intelligence is related to problem-solving, while crystallized intelligence is related to existing knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common physical change that occurs in early and middle adulthood?

Increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that most older adults maintain an active lifestyle and remain as happy or happier than when they were younger?

Stronger social connections with family and friends Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that fertility, particularly for women, decreases with age?

Menopause and age-related changes in reproductive organs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common age-related brain disease?

Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to an infant's survival and growth at birth?

Reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Concrete Operational stage of cognitive development?

Ability to perform mental operations on concrete objects Signup and view all the answers

Which life stage begins in the 60s according to the text?

Late adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What do Kennedy, Mather, and Carstensen (2004) find about people's memories with age?

Memories become more positive Signup and view all the answers

According to Myers and Diener (1996), how do older adults generally speak about events in their lives compared to younger adults?

More positively Signup and view all the answers

What did Angner, Ray, Saag, & Allison (2009) find regarding older adults and their social connections?

Older adults increasingly value social connections with family and friends Signup and view all the answers

What does research indicate about healthy older adults and memory?

Some types of memory deficits occur while others remain intact or improve Signup and view all the answers

In late adulthood, what happens to physical, cognitive, and social capabilities according to the text?

They change faster leading to different needs Signup and view all the answers

'Older adults do seem to process information more slowly' suggests what about the speed at which older adults process information?

It may take them longer to evaluate information and understand language Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for older adults' slower processing speed and less accurate executive control?

Accumulation of more knowledge and experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Crystallized intelligence refers to general knowledge, while fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think and acquire information quickly and abstractly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dementia and Alzheimer's disease is accurate?

They are progressive neurological diseases that lead to a loss of cognitive abilities and physical functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What can older adults do to maintain their mental acuity?

Engage in cognitive activities, maintain social interactions, and keep themselves physically fit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for older adults' superior performance on tasks involving general knowledge, such as crossword puzzles?

Higher levels of crystallized intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about older adults' cognitive abilities is accurate?

Older adults perform better on tasks that require experience and general knowledge, but worse on tasks that require fluid intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in dementia and Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine levels decrease, leading to impaired communication between neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the causes of dementia and Alzheimer's disease is accurate?

They are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cognitive abilities are older adults more effective at compared to younger adults?

Understanding the nuances of social interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for older adults' difficulty in inhibiting and controlling their attention, according to the text?