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Questions and Answers
Which stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about 2 years?
Which stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about 2 years?
In the Preoperational Stage, children can understand the conservation of matter.
In the Preoperational Stage, children can understand the conservation of matter.
False
What ability begins to develop during the Concrete Operational Stage?
What ability begins to develop during the Concrete Operational Stage?
Understanding conservation of matter
Children in the ______ stage can think about hypothetical situations and organize information.
Children in the ______ stage can think about hypothetical situations and organize information.
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Match the stages of development with their corresponding age ranges:
Match the stages of development with their corresponding age ranges:
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During which stage do children begin to understand cause and effect?
During which stage do children begin to understand cause and effect?
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Piaget believes that environmental factors directly control cognitive development.
Piaget believes that environmental factors directly control cognitive development.
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What is the primary focus during the 'Industry vs Inferiority' stage of development?
What is the primary focus during the 'Industry vs Inferiority' stage of development?
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Success in adolescence guarantees a strong sense of self.
Success in adolescence guarantees a strong sense of self.
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What is the primary focus of cognitive development according to Piaget?
What is the primary focus of cognitive development according to Piaget?
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Who proposed the theory of cognitive development?
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development?
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The process of _______ involves adjusting our ideas to make sense of reality.
The process of _______ involves adjusting our ideas to make sense of reality.
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Match the stages of cognitive development with their corresponding age ranges:
Match the stages of cognitive development with their corresponding age ranges:
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Which of the following best describes assimilation?
Which of the following best describes assimilation?
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Role confusion can result from failure during the identity versus role confusion stage.
Role confusion can result from failure during the identity versus role confusion stage.
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What are the two processes involved in equilibration?
What are the two processes involved in equilibration?
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What is the primary conflict during the infancy stage according to Erikson's development theory?
What is the primary conflict during the infancy stage according to Erikson's development theory?
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Children in the preschool stage primarily focus on developing autonomy.
Children in the preschool stage primarily focus on developing autonomy.
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What is the outcome if children fail to develop a sense of autonomy during early childhood?
What is the outcome if children fail to develop a sense of autonomy during early childhood?
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The conflict during the age range of 2 to 3 years is __________ vs Shame & Doubt.
The conflict during the age range of 2 to 3 years is __________ vs Shame & Doubt.
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Which of the following events is considered important during the preschool stage?
Which of the following events is considered important during the preschool stage?
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Match each stage of development with its corresponding age range:
Match each stage of development with its corresponding age range:
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According to Erikson, what is the primary outcome of the Industry vs Inferiority stage?
According to Erikson, what is the primary outcome of the Industry vs Inferiority stage?
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What developmental conflict occurs during the ages of 12 to 18 years?
What developmental conflict occurs during the ages of 12 to 18 years?
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Study Notes
Child Development
- Child development encompasses psychological and psychosocial changes throughout life.
- Different stages bring different social and cognitive skills.
- Health and illness can impact these skills.
- Physical disabilities and health issues in later life can be linked to early experiences.
Erikson's Eight Stages of Life Span Development
- Represents a framework to understand life span changes.
- Stages include:
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Integrity vs. Despair
Stages of Development (Infancy to Adolescence)
| Stage | Basic Conflict | Important Events | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infancy (birth to 18 months) | Trust vs. Mistrust | Feeding | Develop a sense of trust based on caregiver reliability and care. Lack of this can lead to mistrust. |
| Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt | Toilet Training | Develop personal control over physical skills and independence. Success leads to autonomy, failure to shame and doubt. |
| Preschool (3 to 5 years) | Initiative vs. Guilt | Exploration | Assert control and power over the environment. Success fosters purpose, while excessive power assertion leads to guilt. |
| School Age (6 to 11 years) | Industry vs. Inferiority | School | Cope with social and academic demands. Success results in competence, failure leads to feelings of inferiority. |
| Adolescence (12 to 18 years) | Identity vs. Role Confusion | Social Relationships | Develop a personal identity. Success leads to true self, failure to role confusion. |
Cognitive Development
- Focuses on how children's minds grow.
- Key questions encompass symbolic thought, logical reasoning, and understanding perspectives.
- Proposed by Jean Piaget (1954)
- Piaget posited that children's minds aren't miniature adult minds, instead developing in stages.
Piaget's Four Stages of Cognitive Development
- Believed children's cognitive growth follows predictable stages.
- Stages are sequential, though ages can vary:
- Sensorimotor (birth -2 years)
- Preoperational (~2-7 years)
- Concrete operational (~7-11 years)
- Formal operational (~12-15 years)
Sensorimotor Stage
- Rapid change from birth to about 2 years.
- Children explore using senses and motor skills.
- Develop object permanence (understanding that objects exist even when out of sight).
- Understand cause and effect.
Preoperational Stage
- Ages 2 to 7 years
- Improved communication, future thinking, and reflecting on the past.
- Begin to develop basic numerical concepts.
- Delay gratification is another growing ability
- Difficulty with abstract concepts and distinguishing reality from fantasy.
Concrete Operational Stage
- Ages 7 to 11 years
- Improved abstract reasoning and generalization from concrete examples.
- Understands conservation of matter (amount stays the same despite changes in shape).
Formal Operational Stage
- Ages 12 to 15
- Ability to think hypothetically and consider possibilities beyond immediate reality.
- Formulate and test hypotheses, organize information, and reason scientifically.
Importance to Medical Practitioners
- Understanding child development is crucial for identifying and treating abnormal development patterns.
- This allows for minimizing disruptions to both physical and mental growth.
- It is imperative to look for important changes in psychological perspective, focusing on:
- Attachment
- Cognitive Development
- Language Development
- Social Development
- Moral Development
Additional Development Concepts
- Development is driven internally.
- Environmental factors influence but do not control development.
- Development happens sequentially and is dependent on the maturation process.
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Description
This quiz explores the various stages of child development and the psychosocial changes that occur throughout life. It specifically focuses on Erikson's Eight Stages of Life Span Development, outlining the conflicts and outcomes of each stage from infancy to adolescence. Understand how these stages impact emotional and social skills.
