Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of genes in brain development?
What is the primary role of genes in brain development?
What happens to connections in the brain that are used frequently?
What happens to connections in the brain that are used frequently?
What is the effect of positive stress on children's development?
What is the effect of positive stress on children's development?
What is the outcome of chronic, uncontrolled stress in children?
What is the outcome of chronic, uncontrolled stress in children?
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What are some examples of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?
What are some examples of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?
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What is the effect of the stress response on the immune system without caregiver support?
What is the effect of the stress response on the immune system without caregiver support?
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Which brain area is NOT affected by toxic stress?
Which brain area is NOT affected by toxic stress?
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What is the outcome of frequent activation of the stress response?
What is the outcome of frequent activation of the stress response?
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What is the role of caregiver support in regulating the stress response?
What is the role of caregiver support in regulating the stress response?
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What is the impact of ACEs on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning?
What is the impact of ACEs on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning?
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Study Notes
Brain Development
- Genes provide the basic framework for brain development, but environmental influences shape the brain's connections and growth.
- Connections used frequently grow stronger, while unused ones fade away.
Stress and Development
- Positive stress (e.g., starting daycare) helps children develop coping skills and confidence.
- Chronic, uncontrolled stress (e.g., abuse, neglect) is toxic to children and can lead to lifelong changes in learning and behavior.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- ACEs include abuse, neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence, parental depression or addiction, and poverty.
- ACEs can impact social, emotional, and cognitive functioning, and increase the risk of disease, disability, and social problems later in life.
Stress Response
- The stress response is activated when experiencing stress, causing alertness, increased heart rate, and stress hormone levels.
- Without caregiver support, the stress response can stay active, affecting immune system functioning and increasing disease risk.
Brain Areas Affected by Toxic Stress
- The executive centre (problem-solving, attention, reasoning) is vulnerable to toxic stress.
- The emotional centre (emotional processing, impulse control) is affected by toxic stress.
- The memory and learning centre (learning, memory formation) is impacted by toxic stress.
Behavior and Health Consequences
- ACEs can lead to emotional distress, poor emotion regulation, impulsivity, learning difficulties, and physical and mental health problems.
Epigenetics and Gene Expression
- Epigenetics causes changes in gene expression without changing the DNA code, influencing how genes work.
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with epigenetic changes related to stress, brain development, and mental and physical health.
Prevention and Intervention
- Positive, supportive relationships at any stage in life can mitigate negative outcomes.
- Supporting families and children early on can prevent many negative outcomes.
- Warm, loving, and actively engaged caregivers are key to healthy development.
Brain Development
- Genes provide the basic framework for brain development, but environmental influences shape the brain's connections and growth.
- Connections used frequently grow stronger, while unused ones fade away.
Stress and Development
- Positive stress (e.g., starting daycare) helps children develop coping skills and confidence.
- Chronic, uncontrolled stress (e.g., abuse, neglect) is toxic to children and can lead to lifelong changes in learning and behavior.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- ACEs include abuse, neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence, parental depression or addiction, and poverty.
- ACEs can impact social, emotional, and cognitive functioning, and increase the risk of disease, disability, and social problems later in life.
Stress Response
- The stress response is activated when experiencing stress, causing alertness, increased heart rate, and stress hormone levels.
- Without caregiver support, the stress response can stay active, affecting immune system functioning and increasing disease risk.
Brain Areas Affected by Toxic Stress
- The executive centre (problem-solving, attention, reasoning) is vulnerable to toxic stress.
- The emotional centre (emotional processing, impulse control) is affected by toxic stress.
- The memory and learning centre (learning, memory formation) is impacted by toxic stress.
Behavior and Health Consequences
- ACEs can lead to emotional distress, poor emotion regulation, impulsivity, learning difficulties, and physical and mental health problems.
Epigenetics and Gene Expression
- Epigenetics causes changes in gene expression without changing the DNA code, influencing how genes work.
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with epigenetic changes related to stress, brain development, and mental and physical health.
Prevention and Intervention
- Positive, supportive relationships at any stage in life can mitigate negative outcomes.
- Supporting families and children early on can prevent many negative outcomes.
- Warm, loving, and actively engaged caregivers are key to healthy development.
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Description
Learn about the role of genes and environment in shaping brain development, and how stress affects children's cognitive and behavioral growth.
