29 Questions
Which type of breath sound is characterized by soft and low-pitched sounds heard throughout inspiration and fading away about one third of the way through expiration?
Vesicular
Which breath sound type has inspiratory and expiratory sounds almost equal in length, sometimes separated by a silent interval?
Bronchovesicular
During which phase of respiration is it easier to detect differences in pitch and intensity of breath sounds?
Exhalation
What type of breath sound is characterized by loud, harsh sounds with a short silence between inspiratory and expiratory sounds?
Bronchial
Which breath sound type's expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory sounds?
Bronchial
What maneuver can be done to reproduce tracheal breath sounds on yourself?
Valsalva maneuver (straining down)
What conditions can lead to lateral displacement of the trachea?
Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, atelectasis
In which conditions might the anteroposterior (AP) diameter to lateral chest diameter ratio exceed 0.9?
COPD
What can cause a barrel-chest appearance in individuals?
COPD
What condition can lead to asymmetric expansion in the chest during breathing?
Large pleural effusions
Which of the following might cause abnormal muscle retraction of the intercostal spaces during inspiration?
Severe asthma
Unilateral impairment or lagging in respiratory movement may suggest which of the following conditions?
Asbestosis or silicosis
What can cause tenderness over the intercostal muscles?
All of the above
What does the term "crepitus" refer to?
A crackling or grinding sound over bones, joints, or skin, with or without pain
Which of the following findings might suggest an underlying infection?
Sinus tracts
How is chest expansion assessed during the physical examination?
By placing the thumbs at the level of the 10th ribs and observing the distance they move apart during inspiration
What is the term used to describe the movement of the rib cage during inspiration?
Lung excursion
Which of the following findings might be observed in mediastinitis?
Crepitus and chest wall edema
What is the characteristic of wheezes in terms of pitch and quality?
High-pitched with hissing or shrill quality
Which condition is associated with sounds from secretions in large airways that may change with coughing?
Rhonchi
What can fine late inspiratory crackles that persist from breath to breath suggest?
Abnormal lung tissue
Where are the crackles of heart failure usually best heard?
Posterior inferior lung fields
What does the persistence of crackles, wheezes, or rhonchi after coughing or position change suggest?
Inspissated secretions seen in bronchitis or atelectasis
Which term is used to describe sounds from secretions in large airways that may change with coughing?
Rhonchi
What are the most common adventitious sounds described in the text?
Crackles, wheezes, and rhonchi
What is the difference between fine crackles and coarse crackles?
Fine crackles are softer and higher in pitch, while coarse crackles are louder and lower in pitch.
What is the key difference between crackles and wheezes/rhonchi according to the text?
Crackles are discontinuous, while wheezes and rhonchi are continuous.
Which of the following conditions can cause crackles according to the text?
All of the above
What is the American Thoracic Society's recommendation regarding the term "rhonchi"?
The term "rhonchi" should not be used, as it is an outdated and imprecise term.
Learn about the different chest examination findings in conditions like pneumothorax, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and COPD. Understand how to interpret lateral displacement of the trachea and chest shape variations. This quiz is based on BATES’ GUIDE TO PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HISTORY TAKING.
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