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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of acute atelectasis?
What is the primary cause of acute atelectasis?
- Excess secretions or mucous plugs
- Bronchial obstruction (correct)
- Hypoventilation
- Compression of airways
Which condition may restrict normal lung expansion and lead to acute atelectasis?
Which condition may restrict normal lung expansion and lead to acute atelectasis?
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Hemothorax
- All of the above (correct)
What is a common clinical manifestation of acute atelectasis?
What is a common clinical manifestation of acute atelectasis?
- Central cyanosis (correct)
- Improved lung sounds
- Increased appetite
- Frequent urination
Which patient population is at high risk for developing acute atelectasis?
Which patient population is at high risk for developing acute atelectasis?
What is the primary cause of microatelectasis?
What is the primary cause of microatelectasis?
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Which measure is used to provide varying amounts of expiratory resistance to improve ventilation?
Which measure is used to provide varying amounts of expiratory resistance to improve ventilation?
What is the primary goal of medical management for acute atelectasis?
What is the primary goal of medical management for acute atelectasis?
What is the purpose of using incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?
What is the purpose of using incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?
In which type of pneumonia is onset more than 48 hours after admission with no evidence of infection at the time of admission?
In which type of pneumonia is onset more than 48 hours after admission with no evidence of infection at the time of admission?
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Study Notes
Acute Atelectasis
- Primary cause is a blockage of the air passages or compression of the lung, often due to mucus plugs or foreign bodies.
- Conditions like sedation, muscle paralysis, or pain can restrict normal lung expansion, leading to acute atelectasis.
- Common clinical manifestation includes decreased breath sounds, hypoxemia, and respiratory distress.
Patient Risk
- Patients undergoing major surgery, particularly those who are immobilized or have underlying lung disease, are at high risk for developing acute atelectasis.
Microatelectasis
- Primary cause involves the accumulation of fluid or surfactant deficiency, usually seen in patients unable to take deep breaths, often post-surgery or due to illness.
Pneumonia
- Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Ventilation Improvement
- Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is a measure used to provide varying amounts of expiratory resistance to improve ventilation.
Medical Management Goals
- Primary goal for acute atelectasis management is to re-expand the collapsed lung tissue and restore normal gas exchange.
Incentive Spirometry
- Incentive spirometry is used to encourage deep breathing and prevent atelectasis by promoting lung expansion.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
- Onset occurs more than 48 hours after admission, with no evidence of infection at the time of admission, classified as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).
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