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Questions and Answers
What is the energy source for chemolithotrophs?
The energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
What is the carbon source for chemolithotrophs?
Carbon dioxide
Name two examples of aerobic chemolithotrophs.
Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira
What do sulfur bacteria oxidize?
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What is the electron acceptor for Thiobacillus denitrificans?
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What is the product of the reaction for hydrogen oxidation?
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What is the process of oxidizing hydrogen to water called?
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What is the energy released by hydrogen oxidation used to produce?
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How do anaerobic chemolithotrophs differ from aerobic chemolithotrophs in terms of electron acceptors?
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Name an example of anaerobic chemolithotroph that produces methane.
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What is the general term for organisms that use the energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds to synthesize organic molecules?
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What do iron bacteria oxidize?
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What is methanogenesis and which group of organisms carry out this process?
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Describe the difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs.
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Provide examples of anoxygenic phototrophs and the compounds they produce.
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List examples of oxygenic phototrophs and mention their habitats.
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What are the basic steps of photosynthesis in green bacteria, purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria?
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What is the main difference in the type of pigment used for light absorption in green bacteria, purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria?
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Explain the role of pigments in the photosynthetic apparatus of green bacteria, purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria.
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What is the role of RuBP in the process of photosynthesis?
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How is light energy utilized in the process of photosynthesis?
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What compounds are produced as byproducts of photosynthesis in anoxygenic phototrophs?
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What is the significance of oxygenic phototrophs in the context of Earth's ecosystems?
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Why are methanogens important in the context of methane production?
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Study Notes
Chemolithotrophs
- Energy source: Inorganic compounds
- Carbon source: CO2 (carbon dioxide)
Aerobic Chemolithotrophs
- Examples: Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter
- They oxidize ammonia and nitrite, respectively
Sulfur Bacteria
- Oxidize sulfur compounds, such as H2S, to produce sulfuric acid
Thiobacillus denitrificans
- Electron acceptor: Nitrate (NO3-)
- Product of reaction: Water (H2O)
Hydrogen Oxidation
- Process: Hydrogen oxidation reacts hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O)
- Energy released: Used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- ATP is used to synthesize organic molecules
Anaerobic Chemolithotrophs
- Differ from aerobic chemolithotrophs in terms of electron acceptors: Use alternative electron acceptors, such as sulfate, nitrate, or iron, instead of oxygen
- Example: Archaeoglobus, which produces methane (CH4)
General Terms
- Chemolithotrophs: Organisms that use energy from inorganic compound oxidation to synthesize organic molecules
- Iron bacteria: Oxidize iron compounds, such as Fe2+ to Fe3+
Methanogenesis
- Process: Produces methane (CH4) from CO2 and H2
- Carried out by methanogens, such as Archaea
Phototrophs
- Anoxygenic phototrophs: Produce ATP and organic molecules from light energy, but do not produce oxygen
- Oxygenic phototrophs: Produce ATP, organic molecules, and oxygen from light energy
Anoxygenic Phototrophs
- Examples: Green sulfur bacteria, purple bacteria, heliobacteria
- Produce ATP and organic molecules from light energy, but do not produce oxygen
- Compounds produced: Sulfur, iron, and other inorganic compounds
Oxygenic Phototrophs
- Examples: Cyanobacteria, algae, plants
- Produce ATP, organic molecules, and oxygen from light energy
- Habitats: Aquatic environments, soil, and terrestrial environments
Photosynthesis
- Basic steps: Light absorption, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and carbon fixation
- Green bacteria: Use bacteriochlorophyll c and d for light absorption
- Purple bacteria: Use bacteriochlorophyll a and b for light absorption
- Cyanobacteria: Use chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins for light absorption
Pigments
- Role: Absorb light energy and transfer it to the photosynthetic apparatus
- Green bacteria: Use bacteriochlorophyll c and d for light absorption
- Purple bacteria: Use bacteriochlorophyll a and b for light absorption
- Cyanobacteria: Use chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins for light absorption
RuBP
- Role: Plays a crucial role in the carbon fixation step of photosynthesis
Light Energy Utilization
- Light energy is used to generate ATP and NADPH, which are then used to synthesize organic molecules
Photosynthesis Byproducts
- Anoxygenic phototrophs: Produce sulfur, iron, and other inorganic compounds
- Oxygenic phototrophs: Produce oxygen and organic molecules
Oxygenic Phototrophs Significance
- Crucial for Earth's ecosystems, as they produce oxygen and organic molecules
Methanogens Significance
- Important for methane production, which is a significant greenhouse gas
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chemolithotrophic and Phototrophic Metabolism with this quiz. Explore the concepts of chemolithotrophs, their energy sources, and carbon fixation pathways. Challenge yourself with questions on aerobic and anaerobic chemolithotrophs and their metabolic processes.
