Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main idea behind the VSEPR model?
What is the main idea behind the VSEPR model?
- The VSEPR model predicts molecular shapes based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom. (correct)
- The VSEPR model explains how electrons are distributed in atomic orbitals only.
- The VSEPR model states that electron pairs will always be directly opposite each other.
- The VSEPR model focuses on the attraction between electrons, creating the shape of molecules.
Which of the following is NOT true about hybridization in molecules?
Which of the following is NOT true about hybridization in molecules?
- Hybridization only applies to molecules with double or triple bonds. (correct)
- Hybridization always results in identical hybrid orbitals.
- Hybridization forms new orbitals that can form stronger bonds.
- Hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals.
What is the common shape of a molecule with 4 electron clouds around the central atom, all of which are bonding pairs?
What is the common shape of a molecule with 4 electron clouds around the central atom, all of which are bonding pairs?
- Bent or V-shaped
- Tetrahedral (correct)
- Trigonal planar
- Linear
What is the likely bond angle in a molecule with a central atom having 4 electron clouds, with 2 of them being lone pairs?
What is the likely bond angle in a molecule with a central atom having 4 electron clouds, with 2 of them being lone pairs?
What is the molecular shape of a molecule with 2 electron clouds around the central atom, where both are bonding pairs?
What is the molecular shape of a molecule with 2 electron clouds around the central atom, where both are bonding pairs?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with 2 electron clouds around it, both of which are bonding pairs?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule with 2 electron clouds around it, both of which are bonding pairs?
How many electron pairs are there around the central atom in phosphorus trihydride (PH₃)?
How many electron pairs are there around the central atom in phosphorus trihydride (PH₃)?
Based on the VSEPR theory, what is the shape of the phosphorus trihydride (PH₃) molecule?
Based on the VSEPR theory, what is the shape of the phosphorus trihydride (PH₃) molecule?
Flashcards
VSEPR Model
VSEPR Model
A model that predicts molecular shape based on electron pair repulsion.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular Geometry
The arrangement of atoms in a molecule determined by the VSEPR theory.
Electron Pair Repulsion
Electron Pair Repulsion
The principle that electron pairs repel each other to minimize repulsion in molecules.
Hybridization
Hybridization
Signup and view all the flashcards
sp3 Hybrid Orbital
sp3 Hybrid Orbital
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single, Double, Triple Bonds
Single, Double, Triple Bonds
Signup and view all the flashcards
Phosphorus Trihydride Shape
Phosphorus Trihydride Shape
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bond Angles
Bond Angles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Essential Questions
- VSEPR bonding theory is a model
- The VSEPR model predicts molecular shape and bond angles
- Hybridization is a process
Vocabulary
- Atomic orbital
- VSEPR model
- Hybridization
VSEPR Model
- Molecular shape determines physical and chemical properties
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model predicts shapes, minimizing repulsion between shared and unshared atoms around a central atom
- Electron pairs repel each other, fixing molecule positions
- Unshared electron pairs influence molecular shape
- Electron pairs are positioned as far apart as possible in a molecule
Hybridization
- Hybridization is a process where atomic orbitals mix to form new, equivalent hybrid orbitals
- Carbon often undergoes hybridization, generating an sp³ orbital from one s and three p orbitals
- Lone pairs also occupy hybrid orbitals
- Single, double, and triple bonds occupy only one hybrid orbital (eg, CO₂ with two double bonds forms an sp hybrid orbital)
VSEPR for 2 Electron Clouds
- Draw dot structure for valence electrons
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
VSEPR for 3 Electron Clouds
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
VSEPR for 4 Electron Clouds
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
VSEPR for 5 Electron Clouds (Part 1)
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
VSEPR for 5 Electron Clouds (Part 2)
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
VSEPR for 6 Electron Clouds
- Count electron clouds surrounding the central atom
- Predict geometry of electron clouds around the central atom
- Predict geometry of molecule/ion, ignoring lone pairs
Finding the Shape of a Molecule (In-Class Example)
- Phosphorus trihydride (PH₃) is a colorless gas produced from rotting organic material
- Determine the shape of a phosphorus trihydride molecule
- Predict the bond angle and identify hybrid orbitals
- Analyze the problem: PH₃ molecule with three hydrogen atoms bonded to a central phosphorus atom
- Solve for the unknown valence electrons, number of electron pairs, and number of bonding pairs
- Evaluate the answer: all electron pairs should be used, each atom's configuration stable
- Diagram shows a trigonal pyramidal shape with a predicted 107° bond angle and sp³ hybrid orbitals
Practice Problems
- Determine molecular shape, bond angle, and hybrid orbitals for BF₃, OCl₂, BeF₂, CF₄, and NH₄⁺ ion
- BF₃: trigonal planar, 120°, sp²
- OCl₂: bent, 104.5°, sp³
- BeF₂: linear, 180°, sp
- CF₄: tetrahedral, 109°, sp³
- NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion): tetrahedral, 109°, sp³
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
