Molecular Shapes PDF

Essential Questions What is the VSEPR bonding theory? How can you use the VSEPR model to predict the shape of, and the bond angles in, a molecule? What is hybridization? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes Vocabulary Review New a...

Essential Questions What is the VSEPR bonding theory? How can you use the VSEPR model to predict the shape of, and the bond angles in, a molecule? What is hybridization? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes Vocabulary Review New atomic orbital VSEPR model hybridization Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes VSEPR Model The shape of a molecule determines many of its physical and chemical properties. Molecular geometry (shape) can be determined with the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, or VSEPR model which minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared atoms around the central atom. Electron pairs repel each other and cause molecules to be in fixed positions relative to each other. Unshared electron pairs also determine the shape of a molecule. Electron pairs are located in a molecule as far apart as they can be. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes Hybridization Hybridization is a process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals. Carbon often undergoes hybridization, which forms an sp3 orbital formed from one s orbital and three p orbitals. Lone pairs also occupy hybrid orbitals. Single, double, and triple bonds occupy only one hybrid orbital (CO2 with two double bonds forms an sp hybrid orbital). Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes VSEPR for 2 Electron Clouds VSEPR for 3 Electron Clouds VSEPR for 4 Electron Clouds VSEPR for 5 Electron Clouds Part 1 VSEPR for 5 Electron Clouds Part 2 VSEPR for 6 Electron Clouds FIND THE SHAPE OF A MOLECULE Use with Example Problem 7. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN Problem Phosphorus trihydride, a colorless Find the total number of valence gas, is produced when organic electrons and the number of electron materials, such as fish flesh, rot. pairs. What is the shape of a phosphorus trihydride molecule? Predict the Determine the total number of bond angle and identify hybrid bonding pairs. orbitals. Response ANALYZE THE PROBLEM A phosphorus trihydride molecule has three hydrogen atoms bonded to a central phosphorus atom. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes Find the Shape of a Molecule SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN EVALUATE THE ANSWER Draw the Lewis structure, using All electron pairs are used and each one pair of electrons to bond each atom has a stable electron H atom to the central P atom and configuration. assigning the lone pair to the P atom. The molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal with a predicted 107° bond angle and sp3 hybrid orbitals. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes Give it a Try BF3 OCl2, bent 104.5° sp3 BeF2  CF4 tetrahedr al, 109° sp3 NH4+ Review Essential Questions What is the VSEPR bonding theory? How can you use the VSEPR model to predict the shape of, and the bond angles in, a molecule? What is hybridization? Vocabulary VSEPR model hybridization Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Molecular Shapes