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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
Which of the following describes the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Which of the following describes the Law of Conservation of Mass?
What type of chemical reaction releases energy?
What type of chemical reaction releases energy?
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What is the atomic number of an element?
What is the atomic number of an element?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ionic compound?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ionic compound?
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What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?
What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?
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What is the Bohr model of an atom?
What is the Bohr model of an atom?
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What are organic compounds primarily composed of?
What are organic compounds primarily composed of?
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Which type of nutrient is required by organisms in large amounts?
Which type of nutrient is required by organisms in large amounts?
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What characterizes trans fats?
What characterizes trans fats?
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Which process specifically refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Which process specifically refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
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What does biomagnification refer to?
What does biomagnification refer to?
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Which of the following pH values represents a neutral solution?
Which of the following pH values represents a neutral solution?
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What is leaching in the context of environmental science?
What is leaching in the context of environmental science?
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Which term describes the breakdown of organic substances by living organisms?
Which term describes the breakdown of organic substances by living organisms?
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What is the primary cause of acid rain?
What is the primary cause of acid rain?
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What is considered a pollutant?
What is considered a pollutant?
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Study Notes
Chemistry Vocabulary
- WHMIS: Canada's national hazard communication standard for hazardous materials.
- Matter: Anything with mass and occupies space.
- Element: A pure substance, not broken down chemically.
- Compound: Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
- Pure Substance: Material with consistent composition and properties.
- Mixture: Combination of substances retaining individual properties.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Components are unevenly distributed.
- Homogeneous Mixture: Components evenly distributed (solution).
- Physical Properties: Observable/measurable without changing identity (color, density, melting point).
- Chemical Properties: Describing ability to change into other substances (flammability, reactivity).
- Physical Change: Affects form, not chemical composition.
- Chemical Change: Forms one or more new substances.
- Atomic Mass: Weighted average of an element's atoms (amu).
- Atomic Number: Number of protons, defining element identity.
- Ionic Compound: Formed by electrostatic attraction of ions.
- Molecular Compound: Formed by covalent bonds between nonmetals.
- Ion and Ion Charge: Atom/group with gained or lost electrons (positive/negative charge).
- Chemical Reaction: Substances (reactants) change to new substances (products).
- Exothermic Reaction: Releases energy (usually heat).
- Endothermic Reaction: Absorbs energy (usually heat).
- Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- Protons: Positively charged particles in the atom's nucleus.
- Neutrons: Neutral particles in the atom's nucleus.
- Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
- Bohr Model: Electrons orbit nucleus in defined energy levels.
- Cation: Positively charged ion.
- Anion: Negatively charged ion.
Environmental Chemistry Vocabulary
- Organic Compounds: Compounds containing carbon (usually with hydrogen, oxygen).
- Inorganic Compounds: Compounds not containing carbon-hydrogen bonds (salts, metals).
- Nutrients (Macronutrients & Micronutrients): Substances for energy, growth, maintenance. Macronutrients are needed in large amounts. Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts.
- Carbohydrates: Organic molecules (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) providing energy.
- Lipids: Fats and oils, store energy, form cell membranes.
- Proteins: Large molecules of amino acids (enzymes, structural components).
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, store/transmit genetic information.
- Vitamins: Organic compounds needed in small amounts for metabolism.
- Minerals: Inorganic nutrients for physiological functions.
- Saturated Fat: Fats with no double bonds (solid at room temp).
- Unsaturated Fat: Fats with one or more double bonds (liquid at room temp).
- Trans Fat: Unsaturated fats, hydrogenated; associated with health risks.
- Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Absorption: Uptaking of substances into tissues/cells.
- Ingestion: Taking in food/substances.
- Biomagnification: Toxin concentration increasing up the food chain.
- Bioaccumulation: Buildup of substances in organism tissues over time.
- Dissolved Nitrates and Phosphates: Water nutrients causing algal blooms and eutrophication.
- Toxicity: Degree substance can harm organisms.
- PPM (Parts Per Million): Unit for small concentrations.
- PPB (Parts Per Billion): Unit for even smaller concentrations.
- PPT (Parts Per Trillion): Unit for extremely small concentrations.
- LD50: Lethal dose killing 50% of a test population.
- Pesticide: Chemical to kill pests (insects, weeds, fungi).
- Remediation: Cleaning up environmental contaminants.
- Biodegradation: Breakdown of organic substances by organisms.
- Dispersion: Scattering of substances in air, water, or soil.
- Effluent: Liquid waste discharged into water.
- Groundwater: Water beneath Earth's surface in soil/rock.
- Leach: Substances washed out of soil by water.
- Biological Indicators: Organisms monitoring environmental or ecosystem health.
- Acid: Increases H+ concentration in a solution.
- Base: Increases OH– concentration in a solution.
- pH (pH Scale): Scale measuring acidity/basicity (0-14).
- Neutralization: Acid and base reaction producing water and salt.
- Pollution: Introduction of harmful substances/energy into the environment.
- Pollutant: Substance causing pollution.
- Dissolved Oxygen: Oxygen in water; essential for aquatic life.
- Turbidity: Cloudiness/haziness of liquid caused by suspended particles.
- Dilution: Reducing concentration by adding more solvent.
- Eutrophication: Water enrichment with nutrients, leading to excessive plant/algae growth.
- Universal Indicator: Chemical changing color to show pH.
- Litmus Paper: Indicator paper turning red/blue in acid/base.
- Acid Rain: Acidic rainfall due to atmospheric pollution.
- Tailings Ponds: Man-made reservoirs for mining waste.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential chemistry vocabulary with this quiz. It covers key concepts such as matter, elements, compounds, and various types of mixtures. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of the basic terminology in chemistry.
