Chemistry: Vapor Pressure and Ideal Solutions Quiz

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Which type of substances would be most likely to exhibit the smallest freezing-point lowering when dissolved in water?

0.05 m Al2(SO4)3 (correct)

0.1 m CH3COOH

0.1 m BaCl2

0.1 m NaCl

According to Molecular Orbital (MO) theory, which statement is true regarding sigma and pi bonds in a molecule?

There are more pi bonds than sigma bonds in a molecule.

There are equal numbers of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.

There are more sigma bonds than pi bonds in a molecule. (correct)

The number of sigma and pi bonds vary based on the molecular structure.

What is the correct explanation for the observation that the first ionization energy of boron is lower than that of beryllium?

Beryllium is a metal.

Ionization energy increases to the left along a row of the Periodic Table.

Boron loses its only electron in the 2p orbital. (correct)

Beryllium is less electronegative than boron.

Which of the following molecules must be diamagnetic according to Molecular Orbital (MO) theory?

Hydrogen (H2) Signup and view all the answers

If a reaction has a negative value for standard Gibbs free energy change ($ riangle G^{ heta}$), this indicates:

The reaction is spontaneous. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of intramolecular forces of attraction, which substance would be expected to have the highest boiling point?

Salts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily determines the entropy change for a reaction?

The number of particles in the reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

For a spontaneous reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the standard Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G^\circ$) must be:

Negative Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intramolecular forces is strongest in determining the boiling point of a polar molecule?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

For an exothermic reaction, the ionization energies of the products are typically:

Lower than those of the reactants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily determines the electronegativity of an atom?

The strength of the nuclear charge Signup and view all the answers

For a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the spontaneity is determined by the sign of:

$\Delta G^\circ$ (standard Gibbs free energy change) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly explains why the boiling point of HBr is higher than that of HCl, despite HCl having a larger dipole moment?

HBr has a more ionic character, leading to stronger electrostatic attractions. Signup and view all the answers

For the given combustion reaction: 2 C₄H₁₀(g) + 13 O₂(g) → 8 CO₂(g) + 10 H₂O(g), with ΔS° = +253 J/K·mol, what can be concluded about the spontaneity of the reaction?

The reaction is spontaneous only at high temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is most likely to be diamagnetic?

Zn²⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry and hybridization of the central nitrogen atom in the NF₃ molecule?

Trigonal pyramidal, sp³ Signup and view all the answers

What is the molarity of a sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) solution that produces an osmotic pressure of 2.65 atm at 25.0 °C?

0.127 M Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is most volatile?

CH₂Br₂ Signup and view all the answers