Chemistry: Vapor Pressure and Ideal Solutions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of substances would be most likely to exhibit the smallest freezing-point lowering when dissolved in water?

  • 0.05 m Al2(SO4)3 (correct)
  • 0.1 m CH3COOH
  • 0.1 m BaCl2
  • 0.1 m NaCl
  • According to Molecular Orbital (MO) theory, which statement is true regarding sigma and pi bonds in a molecule?

  • There are more pi bonds than sigma bonds in a molecule.
  • There are equal numbers of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.
  • There are more sigma bonds than pi bonds in a molecule. (correct)
  • The number of sigma and pi bonds vary based on the molecular structure.
  • What is the correct explanation for the observation that the first ionization energy of boron is lower than that of beryllium?

  • Beryllium is a metal.
  • Ionization energy increases to the left along a row of the Periodic Table.
  • Boron loses its only electron in the 2p orbital. (correct)
  • Beryllium is less electronegative than boron.
  • Which of the following molecules must be diamagnetic according to Molecular Orbital (MO) theory?

    <p>Hydrogen (H2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a reaction has a negative value for standard Gibbs free energy change ($ riangle G^{ heta}$), this indicates:

    <p>The reaction is spontaneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of intramolecular forces of attraction, which substance would be expected to have the highest boiling point?

    <p>Salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors primarily determines the entropy change for a reaction?

    <p>The number of particles in the reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a spontaneous reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the standard Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G^\circ$) must be:

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intramolecular forces is strongest in determining the boiling point of a polar molecule?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an exothermic reaction, the ionization energies of the products are typically:

    <p>Lower than those of the reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors primarily determines the electronegativity of an atom?

    <p>The strength of the nuclear charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the spontaneity is determined by the sign of:

    <p>$\Delta G^\circ$ (standard Gibbs free energy change)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly explains why the boiling point of HBr is higher than that of HCl, despite HCl having a larger dipole moment?

    <p>HBr has a more ionic character, leading to stronger electrostatic attractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the given combustion reaction: 2 C₄H₁₀(g) + 13 O₂(g) → 8 CO₂(g) + 10 H₂O(g), with ΔS° = +253 J/K·mol, what can be concluded about the spontaneity of the reaction?

    <p>The reaction is spontaneous only at high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species is most likely to be diamagnetic?

    <p>Zn²⁺</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular geometry and hybridization of the central nitrogen atom in the NF₃ molecule?

    <p>Trigonal pyramidal, sp³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molarity of a sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) solution that produces an osmotic pressure of 2.65 atm at 25.0 °C?

    <p>0.127 M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is most volatile?

    <p>CH₂Br₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

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