Questions and Answers
Which of the following has the lowest boiling point? CH3CH2CH2F, CH3CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH3
Which of the following has the highest vapor pressure? CH4, CH3CH2CH3, CH3CH3, CH3CH2CH2F
Which of the following has the highest boiling point? CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Which of the following has the highest boiling point? CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2F, CH3CH2CH3
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Which of the following will have the lowest vapor pressure? CH4, CH3CH3, CH3CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2CH3
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Which of the following is most soluble in benzene (C6H6)? CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2OH, HOCH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
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Which of the following has the highest boiling point? CH3CH2OH, CH3OH, NaOCH3, CH3CH2Cl
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Study Notes
Boiling Point and Vapor Pressure Concepts
- Boiling point is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces within compounds.
- Compounds capable of hydrogen bonding exhibit higher boiling points due to stronger interactions.
- Non-polar compounds generally have lower boiling points, as they are affected primarily by weaker London dispersion forces.
Comparisons of Compounds
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Lowest boiling point: CH3CH2CH3
- Non-polar with weakest London dispersion forces.
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Highest vapor pressure: CH4
- Smallest non-polar compound, showing the weakest intermolecular forces and thus the highest vapor pressure.
Hydroxyl Group Effects
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Highest boiling point: HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
- Contains two hydroxyl groups, facilitating greater hydrogen bonding and leading to the highest boiling point among listed compounds.
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Highest boiling point: CH3CH2CH2OH
- Exhibits hydrogen bonding, giving it a higher boiling point, unlike non-polar counterparts.
Vapor Pressure Relationships
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Lowest vapor pressure: CH3CH2CH2CH3
- Largest surface area of the non-polar group results in the highest intermolecular forces, resulting in the lowest vapor pressure.
Solubility Principles
- The principle "like dissolves like" determines solubility, where non-polar substances dissolve well in non-polar solvents.
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Most soluble in benzene: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
- Longest carbon chain provides the largest non-polar region, making this compound the least polar and most soluble in benzene.
Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds
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Highest boiling point: NaOCH3
- As an ionic compound, it has stronger bonds compared to the molecular compounds which rely on weaker intermolecular forces, resulting in a higher boiling temperature.
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Description
Explore the effects of intermolecular forces on boiling points and vapor pressures of various compounds. This quiz covers key concepts such as hydrogen bonding, non-polar interactions, and related comparisons between different chemical structures.
