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Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between vapor pressure and the mole fraction of a component in a solution according to Raoult's law?
What is the relationship between vapor pressure and the mole fraction of a component in a solution according to Raoult's law?
- Vapor pressure is inversely proportional to the mole fraction.
- Vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction. (correct)
- Vapor pressure is unrelated to the mole fraction.
- Vapor pressure depends on the temperature only.
Which statement accurately describes volatile and non-volatile substances?
Which statement accurately describes volatile and non-volatile substances?
- Volatile substances do not produce vapor, while non-volatile substances produce vapor.
- Only non-volatile substances produce vapor in a solution.
- Both volatile and non-volatile substances produce vapor.
- Volatile substances produce vapor, while non-volatile substances do not produce vapor. (correct)
What is indicated by the formula $P_A = P_A^o imes X_A$?
What is indicated by the formula $P_A = P_A^o imes X_A$?
- The vapor pressure is equal to the sum of all components in the solution.
- The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the same as that of a solution.
- The vapor pressure of a component in a solution depends on the vapor pressure of the pure component and its mole fraction. (correct)
- The vapor pressure is solely determined by the temperature of the substance.
What happens to the vapor pressure of a solution when non-volatile solutes are added?
What happens to the vapor pressure of a solution when non-volatile solutes are added?
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What does $K_g = P_A - P_S$ represent in the context of vapor pressure?
What does $K_g = P_A - P_S$ represent in the context of vapor pressure?
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Study Notes
Escaping Tendency & Vapour
- Intermolecular forces exist between liquid and its vapor, influencing how substances transition between states.
- Escaping tendency refers to the propensity of molecules to move from the liquid phase to the vapor phase.
- Volatile substances readily produce vapor, while non-volatile substances do not produce vapor under the same conditions.
Raoult's Law
- The vapor pressure (V.P) of a component in a solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction within that solution.
- This relationship is fundamental for understanding how mixtures behave compared to pure components.
Formula
- The formula ( P_A = P_A^o \cdot X_A ) represents the vapor pressure of component A in a solution, where ( P_A^o ) is the vapor pressure of pure A, and ( X_A ) is its mole fraction in the solution.
Vapor Pressure Comparison
- The vapor pressure of a pure substance is always greater than that of a solution comprising that substance.
- The equation ( P_o = P_A \cdot X_A + P_B \cdot X_B ) illustrates how the total vapor pressure of a solution is affected by the concentrations of its components.
Non-Volatile Solutes
- For solutions containing non-volatile solutes:
- ( K_g = P_A - P_S ) defines the difference between the vapor pressure of the solvent and that in the solution.
- ( P_S = P_K \cdot X_A ) relates to the vapor pressure of the solvent in the presence of the solute.
- Lowering the vapor pressure is quantified by the equation ( P_A - P_S ), known as the relative lowering of vapor pressure (R.L.V.P).
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