Chemistry Symbols and Periodic Table

Elements and Their Symbols

• Hydrogen is represented by H.
• Helium's symbol is He.
• Lithium is designated as Li.
• Beryllium is indicated by Be.
• Boron is marked as B.
• Carbon is denoted by C.
• Nitrogen uses the symbol N.
• Oxygen is represented as O.
• Fluorine is indicated by F.
• Neon is symbolized as Ne.
• Sodium is marked Na.
• Magnesium is represented by Mg.
• Aluminum's symbol is Al.
• Silicon uses Si as its symbol.
• Phosphorus is indicated by P.
• Sulfur is denoted as S.
• Chlorine is represented by Cl.
• Argon uses the symbol Ar.
• Potassium is marked K.
• Calcium is represented by Ca.
• Iron is symbolized by Fe.
• Copper uses Cu as its symbol.
• Zinc is indicated by Zn.
• Bromine is represented as Br.
• Silver's symbol is Ag.
• Iodine uses I as its symbol.
• Barium is indicated by Ba.
• Gold is represented by Au.
• Lead is denoted by Pb.
• Uranium is symbolized by U.

Structure of the Periodic Table

• Vertical columns in the periodic table are called Groups.
• Horizontal rows are referred to as Periods.

Classification of Elements

• Most elements are classified as Metals, located primarily to the left of the zigzag line.
• Elements touching the zigzag line are categorized as Metalloids.
• Non-Metals are located in the upper right corner, situated to the right of the zigzag line.

Specific Groups of Metals

• Alkali Metals (Group 1): Extremely reactive, never found in pure form in nature, silver, shiny, soft, with low density, possessing one outer shell electron.
• Alkaline-Earth Metals (Group 2): Slightly less reactive than alkali metals, are less dense and also silver in appearance.
• Transition Metals (Groups 3-12 + bottom rows): Exhibiting a wide range of properties, they are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Noteworthy Exceptions

• Aluminum and Astatine are exceptions among elements touching the zigzag line, where Aluminum is a Metal and Astatine is classified as a Halogen/Non-Metal.

Groups of Inserted Transition Metals

• The top row of inserted transition metals is called Lanthanides.
• The bottom row is referred to as Actinides.