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Questions and Answers
A supersaturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at an elevated ______.
A supersaturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at an elevated ______.
temperature
Solutions are ______ mixtures with uniform composition.
Solutions are ______ mixtures with uniform composition.
homogeneous
An ______ solution has the minimum amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at room temperature.
An ______ solution has the minimum amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at room temperature.
unsaturated
A ______ solution has the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at room temperature.
A ______ solution has the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at room temperature.
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A substance that dissolves in a solvent is known as a ______.
A substance that dissolves in a solvent is known as a ______.
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A solution in which water is the solvent is called an ______ solution.
A solution in which water is the solvent is called an ______ solution.
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A supersaturated solution is very ______ and can crystallize when cooled.
A supersaturated solution is very ______ and can crystallize when cooled.
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Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific ______.
Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific ______.
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The process of a solute dissolving is referred to as ______.
The process of a solute dissolving is referred to as ______.
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Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given quantity of the ______.
Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given quantity of the ______.
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In solutions, a greater amount of solute compared to the solvent indicates a ______ solution.
In solutions, a greater amount of solute compared to the solvent indicates a ______ solution.
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For sodium chloride, the solubility in water is 36 grams per 100 grams of the solution at 20 degrees ______.
For sodium chloride, the solubility in water is 36 grams per 100 grams of the solution at 20 degrees ______.
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The interaction of solvent with solute, leading to stabilization, is called ______.
The interaction of solvent with solute, leading to stabilization, is called ______.
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If a solution has 1.5 grams of NaCl in 100 grams of solution, it demonstrates a lower ______ compared to a solution with 36 grams of NaCl.
If a solution has 1.5 grams of NaCl in 100 grams of solution, it demonstrates a lower ______ compared to a solution with 36 grams of NaCl.
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The phrase '______ dissolves like' indicates that polar molecules will only dissolve in polar solvents.
The phrase '______ dissolves like' indicates that polar molecules will only dissolve in polar solvents.
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The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solution at a specific temperature and pressure is called ______.
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solution at a specific temperature and pressure is called ______.
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Concentration of solution refers to the relative amount of ______ dissolved in a given amount of solution.
Concentration of solution refers to the relative amount of ______ dissolved in a given amount of solution.
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Percent by mass expresses the mass of solute per ______ of solution.
Percent by mass expresses the mass of solute per ______ of solution.
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A solution with 5% acidity means 5 grams of acetic acid is dissolved in 95 grams of ______.
A solution with 5% acidity means 5 grams of acetic acid is dissolved in 95 grams of ______.
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In a 70% solution, 70 mL of Isopropyl alcohol is diluted with 30 mL of ______.
In a 70% solution, 70 mL of Isopropyl alcohol is diluted with 30 mL of ______.
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The concentration of gold jewelry is expressed in ______.
The concentration of gold jewelry is expressed in ______.
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In a solution containing 30 grams of sugar in 100 grams of solution, the percent by mass of sugar is ______.
In a solution containing 30 grams of sugar in 100 grams of solution, the percent by mass of sugar is ______.
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To find the percentage by volume concentration, both the solute and solvent must be in ______ form.
To find the percentage by volume concentration, both the solute and solvent must be in ______ form.
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A sample of wine containing 37.5 mL ethanol in 300 mL of wine has a percentage by volume ______.
A sample of wine containing 37.5 mL ethanol in 300 mL of wine has a percentage by volume ______.
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The volume of solute is 37.5mL and the volume of solution is 300mL, what is the percent by ______?
The volume of solute is 37.5mL and the volume of solution is 300mL, what is the percent by ______?
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Molarity (M) is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute per ______ of solution.
Molarity (M) is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute per ______ of solution.
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A solution labeled as 3M contains three moles of NaOH in one ______ of solution.
A solution labeled as 3M contains three moles of NaOH in one ______ of solution.
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One mole of a substance is equivalent to Avogadro's number, which is ______ x 10^23.
One mole of a substance is equivalent to Avogadro's number, which is ______ x 10^23.
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Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of ______.
Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of ______.
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The molar mass of H2O, which consists of 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen, is ______ g/mole.
The molar mass of H2O, which consists of 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen, is ______ g/mole.
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To find the molarity, divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in ______.
To find the molarity, divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in ______.
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In the case of CaCl2, the molar mass is calculated as 40g plus 2 times ______ g.
In the case of CaCl2, the molar mass is calculated as 40g plus 2 times ______ g.
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Study Notes
Properties of Solutions
- Solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
- Solutions have uniform composition throughout.
- Examples include salt and water solutions.
- Solutions are composed of a solute and a solvent.
Terms to Remember
- Solute: The substance being dissolved.
- Solvent: The substance doing the dissolving.
- Soluble: A substance that dissolves in another substance.
- Miscible: Liquids that are completely soluble in each other.
- Aqueous solution: A solution where water is the solvent.
Types of Solutions
| Type of Solution | Example | Solvent | Solute |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gas in Gas | Air | Nitrogen (Gas) | Oxygen (Gas) |
| Gas in Liquid | Carbonated water | Water (liquid) | Carbon dioxide (gas) |
| Gas in Liquid | Ocean water | Water (liquid) | Oxygen Gas (gas) |
| Liquid in Liquid | Antifreeze | Water (liquid) | Ethylene glycol (liquid) |
| Liquid in Liquid | Vinegar | Water (liquid) | Acetic acid (liquid) |
| Liquid in Solid | Dental Amalgam | Silver (solid) | Mercury (liquid) |
| Solid in Solid | Steel | Iron (solid) | Carbon (solid) |
Formation of Solutions
- Solvation: The interaction of solvent with the solute, stabilizing solute species in the solution.
- Solvation occurs differently in ionic and non-ionic compounds in water.
Ionic Compounds in Aqueous Solution
- Dissolution: The act or process of dissolving into parts or elements.
- Solvation: Solvent particles surrounding the solute particles. Water molecules surround and separate the positive and negative ions in the ionic compound.
Covalent Polar Molecules in Aqueous Solution
- "Like dissolves like": Polar molecules dissolve polar molecules, and non-polar molecules dissolve non-polar molecules.
- Glucose is a polar molecule, dissolving readily in water because glucose has polar hydroxyl groups.
Concentration of Solution
- Concentration: The amount of solute in a given quantity of solution.
- Dilute solution: A solution with a smaller amount of solute compared to solvent.
- Concentrated solution: A solution with a larger amount of solute compared to solvent.
- Solubility: Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve or dissociate in a specified quantity of solution at a specific temperature and pressure.
- Unsaturated solution: less than maximum solute
- Saturated solution: maximum solute at a given temp.
- Supersaturated solution: more solute than a saturated solution can hold at a given temp.
Solubility
- Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
- Solubility values are expressed with varying units.
Quantitative Measures of Solution Concentration
- Percent by mass and percent by volume
- Mole fraction
- Molarity
- Molality
Percent by Mass
- The mass of solute in a given mass of solution.
- Concentration of solute is given relative to the mass of the solution.
Percent by Volume
- The volume of solute in a given volume of solution.
- Concentration of solute relative to the given volume of the solution.
Molarity
- Molarity(M) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution..
- A measure of solution concentration.
Mole Fraction
- Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of a component in a mixture to the total number of moles of all components in the mixture.
Molality
- The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
- Molality is important in studying solutions whose properties change with the amount of solvent present.
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Description
Test your understanding of the properties and types of solutions in chemistry, including essential terms like solute and solvent. This quiz covers the characteristics of homogeneous mixtures and examples to deepen your knowledge of solution chemistry.
