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Questions and Answers
What is concentration?
What is concentration?
A measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent; usually expressed as mol/L.
What is a dilute solution?
What is a dilute solution?
A solution that contains a small amount of solute.
What is a concentrated solution?
What is a concentrated solution?
A solution containing a large amount of solute.
What does molarity (M) represent?
What does molarity (M) represent?
How do you calculate the molarity of a solution?
How do you calculate the molarity of a solution?
What effect does dilution have on the total moles of solute in a solution?
What effect does dilution have on the total moles of solute in a solution?
What are two ways to express the percent concentration of a solution?
What are two ways to express the percent concentration of a solution?
The terms concentrated and dilute are only qualitative descriptions of the amount of a solute in solution.
The terms concentrated and dilute are only qualitative descriptions of the amount of a solute in solution.
What is the equation for molarity?
What is the equation for molarity?
What is the concentration of the saline solution that contains 0.90 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution?
What is the concentration of the saline solution that contains 0.90 g NaCl in exactly 100 mL of solution?
What is the molar mass of NaCl?
What is the molar mass of NaCl?
How do you convert the concentration from g/100 mL to mol/L?
How do you convert the concentration from g/100 mL to mol/L?
What is the calculation for solution concentration when you have 0.90 g of NaCl in 100 mL?
What is the calculation for solution concentration when you have 0.90 g of NaCl in 100 mL?
Moles of solute before dilution equal the moles of solute after dilution.
Moles of solute before dilution equal the moles of solute after dilution.
What is the formula for calculating moles of solute?
What is the formula for calculating moles of solute?
How do you calculate percent by volume?
How do you calculate percent by volume?
How do you calculate percent by mass?
How do you calculate percent by mass?
Study Notes
Concentration of Solutions
- Concentration measures the quantity of solute in a solvent, typically expressed as moles per liter (mol/L).
- A dilute solution has a low concentration of solute, while a concentrated solution has a high concentration of solute.
- Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
- To calculate molarity, divide moles of solute by the solution volume in liters.
- Dilution decreases the solution's concentration (moles per volume), but the total moles of solute remain unchanged.
- Percent concentration can be expressed as:
- Volume ratio of solute to total solution volume.
- Mass ratio of solute to total solution mass.
- Terms "concentrated" and "dilute" are qualitative descriptors, not quantitative measurements.
Molarity Equation
- Molarity (M) formula: M = moles of solute/liters of solution.
Example Calculation
- IV saline example: 0.90 g of NaCl in 100 mL of solution.
- Known values:
- Concentration: 0.90 g NaCl/100 mL.
- Molar mass of NaCl: 58.5 g/mol.
Calculation Steps
- Convert concentration to molarity (mol/L) via the path:
- g/100 mL → mol/100 mL → mol/L.
- To find moles of NaCl in 100 mL:
- Use molar mass to convert grams to moles.
- Change volume from mL to L for final molarity calculation.
Final Solution Concentration
- Calculation example:
- (0.90 g NaCl/100 mL) x (1 mol/58.5 g) x (1000 mL/1 L) = 0.15 mol/L = 0.15 M.
Moles of Solute in Dilution
- The number of moles of solute before dilution equals the number after dilution.
- Relationship expressed as: Moles of solute = M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂.
Percent Concentration Definitions
- Percent by Volume: (volume of solute/total solution volume) x 100%.
- Percent by Mass: (mass of solute/total solution mass) x 100%.
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Test your knowledge of solution concentration terms with these flashcards. Learn key definitions including concentration, dilute, concentrated solutions, and molarity. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of solution concepts.
