Chemistry: Solutions and Solubility

What is the definition of a solution?

What determines the physical state of a solution?

What is the term for the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature?

What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when the pressure is increased?

Who was the first to give a quantitative relation between pressure and solubility of a gas in a solvent?

What is the term for the component present in the largest quantity in a solution?

What happens to the rate of gaseous particles entering and leaving the solution phase when the pressure over the solution is increased?

What is the name of the law that relates the pressure and solubility of a gas in a solvent?

Solutions and Solubility

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components, with uniform composition and properties throughout.
The component present in the largest quantity is known as the solvent, which determines the physical state of the solution.
One or more components present in the solution, other than the solvent, are called solutes.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Solubility of a substance depends on the nature of the solute and solvent, as well as temperature and pressure.
Temperature: solubility of gases in liquids decreases with an increase in temperature.
Pressure: solubility of gases in liquids increases with an increase in pressure.

Henry's Law

States that, at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas present above the surface of the liquid or solution.
Mathematically, Henry's Law can be represented as: solubility ∝ partial pressure of the gas.

Effect of Pressure on Solubility

Increasing pressure over the solution phase increases the number of gaseous particles per unit volume over the solution.
This leads to an increase in the rate at which gaseous particles strike the surface of the solution, resulting in an increase in solubility.
A new equilibrium is reached, resulting in an increase in the pressure of the gas above the solution and its solubility.

This quiz covers the fundamentals of solutions, including homogeneous mixtures, solvents, solutes, and solubility. It explores the composition and properties of solutions and the physical state of solvents.