Chemistry Chapter: Solubility and Solutions

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What happens to the solute particles when equilibrium is reached?

They all leave the solid surface and go into solution

The number leaving the surface equals the number returning to the surface (correct)

They all return to the solid surface of the solute

They stop moving altogether

What is the amount of solute that passes into solution when equilibrium is established?

Solubility (correct)

Concentration

Quantitative definition

Saturation point

What type of solution has the dissolved solute in equilibrium with the undissolved solute at a definite temperature?

Supersaturated solution

Saturated solution (correct)

Concentrated solution

Unsaturated solution

What happens when a supersaturated solution is seeded with crystals of the solute?

It becomes a saturated solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the qualitative description of solubility that corresponds to a solvent requirement of less than 1 part per 1 part of solute?

Very soluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?

An unsaturated solution has less dissolved solute Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of quantitative description of solubility?

To provide a numerical value of solubility Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition necessary for a solution to be considered saturated?

The concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that necessary for complete saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transferring molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?

Dissolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mixture of two or more components forming a homogeneous molecular dispersion?

Solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the force that exists between particles of the same kind, such as solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules?

Cohesion force Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heterogeneous system consisting of one component, the disperse phase, distributed throughout another component, the dispersion medium or continuous phase?

Dispersed system Signup and view all the answers

What is the qualitative definition of solubility?

The spontaneous interaction of two or more substances to form a homogeneous molecular dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the component of a solution that constitutes the largest proportion of the system?

Solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transfer of molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?

Dissolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for solubility of a solute in a solvent to be enhanced?

When the adhesion forces between solute-solvent molecules exceed the cohesion forces between solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of molarity?

moles per liter Signup and view all the answers

What is percent weight in volume (%w/v) equal to?

(mass of solute / volume of solution) * 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of solubility applied to?

All three states of matter (gas, liquid, solid) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the solubility of liquids in liquids?

Miscibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that affects solubility of gas in liquid according to Henry's law?

Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of gases as the temperature increases?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of electrolytes on the solubility of gas in liquid?

It decreases the solubility Signup and view all the answers

Why should gas tanks be opened slowly?

To prevent the liberation of the dissolved gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a substance that exhibits an exothermic process?

Increase in temperature always decreases the solubility Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of sodium sulphate decahydrate in water above 32.4°C?

Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pH on the solubility of a basic drug?

Decreasing pH increases the solubility of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of particle size on the solubility of a substance, at a size less than 1 μ?

Decreasing particle size always decreases the solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the solubility of drugs?

Ionized drugs are more soluble in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of crystal structure on the solubility of a drug?

Amorphous form is more soluble than crystalline form Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of a substance that exhibits an isothermic process with an increase in temperature?

Solubility is not affected by temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of sodium sulphate pentahydrate?

Solubility increases with an increase in temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which co-solvents improve solubility?

Reduction of the difference between the polarity of the drug and the water/co-solvent system Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are typically involved in complexation?

Relatively weak bonds such as Van der Waals forces, H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a complexing agent to a solution?

To increase the solubility of the solute Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cyclodextrins that allows them to form inclusion complexes with drug molecules?

Hydrophilic exterior surface and a nonpolar interior cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using prodrugs?

To increase the amount of active drug reaching the site of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mechanism by which prodrugs are converted into active drugs?

Through enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding an ionisable group to a parent compound to form a prodrug?

To increase the solubility of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the water soluble complex formed by the addition of potassium iodide to mercuric iodide?

Nessler reagent Signup and view all the answers