40 Questions
What happens to the solute particles when equilibrium is reached?
The number leaving the surface equals the number returning to the surface
What is the amount of solute that passes into solution when equilibrium is established?
Solubility
What type of solution has the dissolved solute in equilibrium with the undissolved solute at a definite temperature?
Saturated solution
What happens when a supersaturated solution is seeded with crystals of the solute?
It becomes a saturated solution
What is the qualitative description of solubility that corresponds to a solvent requirement of less than 1 part per 1 part of solute?
Very soluble
What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?
An unsaturated solution has less dissolved solute
What is the purpose of quantitative description of solubility?
To provide a numerical value of solubility
What is the condition necessary for a solution to be considered saturated?
The concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that necessary for complete saturation
What is the term for the process of transferring molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?
Dissolution
What is the term for a mixture of two or more components forming a homogeneous molecular dispersion?
Solution
What is the term for the force that exists between particles of the same kind, such as solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules?
Cohesion force
What is the term for a heterogeneous system consisting of one component, the disperse phase, distributed throughout another component, the dispersion medium or continuous phase?
Dispersed system
What is the qualitative definition of solubility?
The spontaneous interaction of two or more substances to form a homogeneous molecular dispersion
What is the term for the component of a solution that constitutes the largest proportion of the system?
Solvent
What is the term for the transfer of molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?
Dissolution
What is the condition required for solubility of a solute in a solvent to be enhanced?
When the adhesion forces between solute-solvent molecules exceed the cohesion forces between solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules
What is the unit of molarity?
moles per liter
What is percent weight in volume (%w/v) equal to?
(mass of solute / volume of solution) * 100
What is the concept of solubility applied to?
All three states of matter (gas, liquid, solid)
What is the term used to describe the solubility of liquids in liquids?
Miscibility
What is the factor that affects solubility of gas in liquid according to Henry's law?
Pressure
What happens to the solubility of gases as the temperature increases?
It decreases
What is the effect of electrolytes on the solubility of gas in liquid?
It decreases the solubility
Why should gas tanks be opened slowly?
To prevent the liberation of the dissolved gas
What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a substance that exhibits an exothermic process?
Increase in temperature always decreases the solubility
What happens to the solubility of sodium sulphate decahydrate in water above 32.4°C?
Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature
What is the effect of pH on the solubility of a basic drug?
Decreasing pH increases the solubility of the drug
What is the effect of particle size on the solubility of a substance, at a size less than 1 μ?
Decreasing particle size always decreases the solubility
Which of the following statements is true about the solubility of drugs?
Ionized drugs are more soluble in water
What is the effect of crystal structure on the solubility of a drug?
Amorphous form is more soluble than crystalline form
What happens to the solubility of a substance that exhibits an isothermic process with an increase in temperature?
Solubility is not affected by temperature
What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of sodium sulphate pentahydrate?
Solubility increases with an increase in temperature
What is the primary mechanism by which co-solvents improve solubility?
Reduction of the difference between the polarity of the drug and the water/co-solvent system
What type of bonds are typically involved in complexation?
Relatively weak bonds such as Van der Waals forces, H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions
What is the purpose of adding a complexing agent to a solution?
To increase the solubility of the solute
What is the characteristic of cyclodextrins that allows them to form inclusion complexes with drug molecules?
Hydrophilic exterior surface and a nonpolar interior cavity
What is the primary purpose of using prodrugs?
To increase the amount of active drug reaching the site of action
What is the typical mechanism by which prodrugs are converted into active drugs?
Through enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions
What is the purpose of adding an ionisable group to a parent compound to form a prodrug?
To increase the solubility of the drug
What is the name of the water soluble complex formed by the addition of potassium iodide to mercuric iodide?
Nessler reagent
This quiz covers the concepts of solubility, solutions, partition coefficient, diffusion, osmosis, and surface phenomena in chemistry. It includes topics such as types of solubility, methods of expression, and adsorption at liquid and solid interfaces.
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