Chemistry Chapter: Solubility and Solutions
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the solute particles when equilibrium is reached?

  • They all leave the solid surface and go into solution
  • The number leaving the surface equals the number returning to the surface (correct)
  • They all return to the solid surface of the solute
  • They stop moving altogether

What is the amount of solute that passes into solution when equilibrium is established?

  • Solubility (correct)
  • Concentration
  • Quantitative definition
  • Saturation point

What type of solution has the dissolved solute in equilibrium with the undissolved solute at a definite temperature?

  • Supersaturated solution
  • Saturated solution (correct)
  • Concentrated solution
  • Unsaturated solution

What happens when a supersaturated solution is seeded with crystals of the solute?

<p>It becomes a saturated solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the qualitative description of solubility that corresponds to a solvent requirement of less than 1 part per 1 part of solute?

<p>Very soluble (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?

<p>An unsaturated solution has less dissolved solute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of quantitative description of solubility?

<p>To provide a numerical value of solubility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition necessary for a solution to be considered saturated?

<p>The concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that necessary for complete saturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transferring molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?

<p>Dissolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mixture of two or more components forming a homogeneous molecular dispersion?

<p>Solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the force that exists between particles of the same kind, such as solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules?

<p>Cohesion force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heterogeneous system consisting of one component, the disperse phase, distributed throughout another component, the dispersion medium or continuous phase?

<p>Dispersed system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the qualitative definition of solubility?

<p>The spontaneous interaction of two or more substances to form a homogeneous molecular dispersion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the component of a solution that constitutes the largest proportion of the system?

<p>Solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transfer of molecules or ions from a solid state into a solution?

<p>Dissolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for solubility of a solute in a solvent to be enhanced?

<p>When the adhesion forces between solute-solvent molecules exceed the cohesion forces between solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of molarity?

<p>moles per liter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is percent weight in volume (%w/v) equal to?

<p>(mass of solute / volume of solution) * 100 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of solubility applied to?

<p>All three states of matter (gas, liquid, solid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the solubility of liquids in liquids?

<p>Miscibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that affects solubility of gas in liquid according to Henry's law?

<p>Pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of gases as the temperature increases?

<p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of electrolytes on the solubility of gas in liquid?

<p>It decreases the solubility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should gas tanks be opened slowly?

<p>To prevent the liberation of the dissolved gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a substance that exhibits an exothermic process?

<p>Increase in temperature always decreases the solubility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of sodium sulphate decahydrate in water above 32.4°C?

<p>Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pH on the solubility of a basic drug?

<p>Decreasing pH increases the solubility of the drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of particle size on the solubility of a substance, at a size less than 1 μ?

<p>Decreasing particle size always decreases the solubility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the solubility of drugs?

<p>Ionized drugs are more soluble in water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of crystal structure on the solubility of a drug?

<p>Amorphous form is more soluble than crystalline form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of a substance that exhibits an isothermic process with an increase in temperature?

<p>Solubility is not affected by temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of sodium sulphate pentahydrate?

<p>Solubility increases with an increase in temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which co-solvents improve solubility?

<p>Reduction of the difference between the polarity of the drug and the water/co-solvent system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are typically involved in complexation?

<p>Relatively weak bonds such as Van der Waals forces, H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a complexing agent to a solution?

<p>To increase the solubility of the solute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cyclodextrins that allows them to form inclusion complexes with drug molecules?

<p>Hydrophilic exterior surface and a nonpolar interior cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using prodrugs?

<p>To increase the amount of active drug reaching the site of action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mechanism by which prodrugs are converted into active drugs?

<p>Through enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding an ionisable group to a parent compound to form a prodrug?

<p>To increase the solubility of the drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the water soluble complex formed by the addition of potassium iodide to mercuric iodide?

<p>Nessler reagent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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