Chemistry Semester Review

The exam is worth 20% of the semester grade and consists of 110 multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and short answer questions.

The exam is given on paper, not online.

Practice doing problems. The more you practice, the quicker you will become at recognizing problem types and solving them.

Multiple choice and matching questions should never be left blank. Skip the questions you don't know and come back to them later.

You can bring two #2 pencils, a periodic table, and a 4x6 notecard with anything written on both sides.

The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

A diagram that shows the relative abundance of isotopes in a sample by mass.

A model that explains the behavior of electrons in atoms by assuming they exist in specific energy levels and can jump between those levels.

A negatively charged ion formed by an atom gaining electrons.

A positively charged ion formed by an atom losing electrons.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus - defines the element.

The outermost shell of an atom - determines its chemical reactivity.

The group of elements in the periodic table that are shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

A measurement that describes a quality or characteristic that is not measurable numerically. Examples: The room is hot. The sun is yellow.

A measurement that describes a quantity or characteristic with a numerical value and unit. Examples: The student’s temperature is 101.8°C. The pencil is 18.5 cm long. There are 8 cars in the parking lot.

The smallest unit of measurement on a measuring device.

The largest unit of measurement on a measuring device.

The last digit in a measurement that is uncertain and estimated. It is based on the precision of the measuring instrument.

A method of determining the decimal place of the estimated digit in a measurement by considering both the major and minor scales of the measuring device.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

An atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons. It is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It determines the specific isotope of an element.

A symbolic representation of an atom that includes the element symbol, atomic number, and mass number.

Vertical columns on the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to their similar valence electron configurations.

Horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

The smallest increment that can be measured by a measuring tool, for example, a ruler, a graduated cylinder, or a balance. It is the last digit recorded during a measurement.

Numbers that result from counting objects, for example, 3 apples or 20 students.

They have an infinite number of significant figures as they are exact numbers.

The process of measuring the volume of an irregular solid by submerging it in a liquid and measuring the volume of the displaced liquid. The volume of the object is the difference in liquid volume before and after the solid is submerged.

A measure of how much matter is contained in a given volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

Density = Mass / Volume

A graph that plots the mass of an object against its volume. The slope of the line in a mass-versus-volume graph represents the density of the object. The steeper the slope, the higher the density.

A solid that has an irregular shape and volume.

A solid that has a regular shape and volume. It has a fixed, definite shape, such as squares, cubes, or spheres.

A substance with particles packed more tightly together than a substance with a lower density. It is denser if the same number of particles occupy a smaller volume.

The study of matter and its properties, including its composition, structure, properties, and reactions.

The study of carbon compounds; the basis for life's chemical reactions.

The study of compounds that do not contain carbon, including metals, salts, and minerals.

The study of motion, time, force, and temperature with respect to chemical reactions. It involves the study of energy transfer and changes in systems during chemical reactions.

The study of the identification, separation, and quantification of chemical compounds. It's used in many fields, including medicine, forensics, and environmental science.

The study of how compounds affect human and animal physiology. It's a combination of chemistry and biology that investigates the role of chemicals in living systems.

The study of the transmutation of elements, or the change of one element into another. This usually happens in nuclear reactions.

The science of designing, synthesizing, and characterizing new materials. This includes understanding how materials are formed, their properties, and how they can be used.