Chemistry Terms Flashcard Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is an Acid?

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution (correct)

A substance that produces hydroxide ions

A substance that has a basic pH

None of the above

What is a donor?

Unknown

What is an Acid-base indicator?

Substance that marks the end point of an acid-base reaction (correct)

Substance that changes color in the presence of acids or bases (correct)

Substance used to neutralize acids

None of the above

What is acid rain?

Rainwater with an acidic pH; a result of air pollution by sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the Actinide series?

Group of elements following actinium Signup and view all the answers

What is activation energy?

The threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is air pollution?

Contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by gaseous products of transportation and electricity production Signup and view all the answers

What is alcohol in chemistry?

An organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is a substituent Signup and view all the answers

What is an aldehyde?

An organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom Signup and view all the answers

What are alkali metals?

Group 1 metals Signup and view all the answers

What are alkaline earth metals?

Group 2 metals Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkane?

A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n + 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkene?

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkyne?

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy?

A substance that contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties Signup and view all the answers

What is alloy steel?

A form of steel containing carbon plus metals such as chromium, cobalt, manganese, and molybdenum Signup and view all the answers

What is an alpha particle?

A helium nucleus produced in radioactive decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the Arrhenius concept?

A concept postulating that acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, whereas bases produce hydroxide ions Signup and view all the answers

What is atmosphere in context of Earth?

The mixture of gases that surrounds the earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is an atom?

The fundamental unit of which elements are composed Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic mass?

The weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring element Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has a unique atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic radius?

Half the distance between the atomic nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is Aufbau principle?

A principle stating that as protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons are similarly added to hydrogen-like orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What is auto-ionization?

The transfer of a proton from one molecule to another of the same substance Signup and view all the answers

What is Avogadro's law?

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles (atoms or molecules) Signup and view all the answers

What is Avogadro's number?

The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12C, equal to 6.022 x 10^23 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Acid: Substance generating hydrogen ions in water; defines properties of acidic solutions.
Acid-base indicator: Substance used to identify the endpoint in titrations, indicating a pH change.
Acid rain: Precipitation with low pH caused by sulfur dioxide emissions from pollution.
Activation energy: Minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Hydrocarbons

Alcohol: Organic compound featuring a hydroxyl group (-OH) as a substituent.
Hydrocarbon: Compounds solely composed of hydrogen and carbon.
Aldehyde: Organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons defined by the formula CnH2n+2.
Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond; formula is CnH2n.
Alkyne: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond; formula is CnH2n-2.

Metals and Alloys

Alkali metal: Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, known for high reactivity.
Alkaline earth metal: Elements in Group 2, characterized by their reactivity and metallic properties.
Alloy: Mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal, exhibiting metallic characteristics.
Alloy steel: Type of steel containing carbon and other metals (e.g., chromium, cobalt).

Radioactivity

Alpha (α) particle: Helium nucleus resulting from radioactive decay, significantly affecting nuclear reactions.
Alpha-particle production: A decay process prevalent among radioactive nuclides altering the mass number.

Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry

Amphoteric substance: Capable of acting as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions.
Anion: A negatively charged ion, often formed when an atom gains electrons.
Anode: Electrode in a galvanic cell where oxidation occurs.
Atmosphere: Mixture of gases surrounding Earth, crucial for supporting life.
Atom: Basic unit of matter, each element is composed of these fundamental particles.
Atomic mass (weight): Average mass of the isotopes of an element, reflecting natural abundance.
Atomic number: Unique identifier for each element based on the number of protons in its nucleus.
Atomic radius: Measured distance from the center of an atom to its outer boundary, indicative of atomic size.

Measurement and Laws

Ampere: Electrical unit for current; one ampere equals one coulomb per second.
Avogadro's law: States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles.
Avogadro's number: Constant, 6.022 x 10²³, representing the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12.

Theories and Principles

Arrhenius concept: Framework stating acids release hydrogen ions in solution, while bases provide hydroxide ions.
Aufbau principle: Describes the sequential filling of electron orbitals as protons are added to the nucleus in atomic structure.

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Description

Test your knowledge of essential chemistry terms with this flashcard quiz. It includes definitions for important concepts such as acids, acid-base indicators, and acid rain. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemical properties and reactions.