Chemistry Terms Flashcard Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is an Acid?

  • A substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution (correct)
  • A substance that produces hydroxide ions
  • A substance that has a basic pH
  • None of the above

    • What is a donor?

    Unknown

    What is an Acid-base indicator?

  • Substance that marks the end point of an acid-base reaction (correct)
  • Substance that changes color in the presence of acids or bases (correct)
  • Substance used to neutralize acids
  • None of the above

    • What is acid rain?

    <p>Rainwater with an acidic pH; a result of air pollution by sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the Actinide series?

    <p>Group of elements following actinium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activation energy?

    <p>The threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is air pollution?

    <p>Contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by gaseous products of transportation and electricity production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alcohol in chemistry?

    <p>An organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is a substituent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aldehyde?

    <p>An organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alkali metals?

    <p>Group 1 metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alkaline earth metals?

    <p>Group 2 metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alkane?

    <p>A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n + 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alkene?

    <p>An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alkyne?

    <p>An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alloy?

    <p>A substance that contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alloy steel?

    <p>A form of steel containing carbon plus metals such as chromium, cobalt, manganese, and molybdenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alpha particle?

    <p>A helium nucleus produced in radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Arrhenius concept?

    <p>A concept postulating that acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, whereas bases produce hydroxide ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atmosphere in context of Earth?

    <p>The mixture of gases that surrounds the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom?

    <p>The fundamental unit of which elements are composed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic mass?

    <p>The weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic number?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has a unique atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic radius?

    <p>Half the distance between the atomic nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aufbau principle?

    <p>A principle stating that as protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons are similarly added to hydrogen-like orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is auto-ionization?

    <p>The transfer of a proton from one molecule to another of the same substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's law?

    <p>Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles (atoms or molecules)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's number?

    <p>The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12C, equal to 6.022 x 10^23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Compounds and Reactions

    • Acid: Substance generating hydrogen ions in water; defines properties of acidic solutions.
    • Acid-base indicator: Substance used to identify the endpoint in titrations, indicating a pH change.
    • Acid rain: Precipitation with low pH caused by sulfur dioxide emissions from pollution.
    • Activation energy: Minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

    Hydrocarbons

    • Alcohol: Organic compound featuring a hydroxyl group (-OH) as a substituent.
    • Hydrocarbon: Compounds solely composed of hydrogen and carbon.
    • Aldehyde: Organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
    • Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons defined by the formula CnH2n+2.
    • Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond; formula is CnH2n.
    • Alkyne: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond; formula is CnH2n-2.

    Metals and Alloys

    • Alkali metal: Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, known for high reactivity.
    • Alkaline earth metal: Elements in Group 2, characterized by their reactivity and metallic properties.
    • Alloy: Mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal, exhibiting metallic characteristics.
    • Alloy steel: Type of steel containing carbon and other metals (e.g., chromium, cobalt).

    Radioactivity

    • Alpha (α) particle: Helium nucleus resulting from radioactive decay, significantly affecting nuclear reactions.
    • Alpha-particle production: A decay process prevalent among radioactive nuclides altering the mass number.

    Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry

    • Amphoteric substance: Capable of acting as either an acid or a base depending on the conditions.
    • Anion: A negatively charged ion, often formed when an atom gains electrons.
    • Anode: Electrode in a galvanic cell where oxidation occurs.
    • Atmosphere: Mixture of gases surrounding Earth, crucial for supporting life.
    • Atom: Basic unit of matter, each element is composed of these fundamental particles.
    • Atomic mass (weight): Average mass of the isotopes of an element, reflecting natural abundance.
    • Atomic number: Unique identifier for each element based on the number of protons in its nucleus.
    • Atomic radius: Measured distance from the center of an atom to its outer boundary, indicative of atomic size.

    Measurement and Laws

    • Ampere: Electrical unit for current; one ampere equals one coulomb per second.
    • Avogadro's law: States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles.
    • Avogadro's number: Constant, 6.022 x 10²³, representing the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12.

    Theories and Principles

    • Arrhenius concept: Framework stating acids release hydrogen ions in solution, while bases provide hydroxide ions.
    • Aufbau principle: Describes the sequential filling of electron orbitals as protons are added to the nucleus in atomic structure.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of essential chemistry terms with this flashcard quiz. It includes definitions for important concepts such as acids, acid-base indicators, and acid rain. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemical properties and reactions.

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