Chemistry Quiz: Noble Gases and Elements

The positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the element's identity.

The neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They contribute to the atomic mass.

The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They are responsible for chemical bonding.

The characteristic of a substance that describes how it interacts with other substances, potentially changing its composition. Examples include reactivity, flammability, pH, and solubility.

The observable characteristics of a substance, such as state (solid, liquid, gas), color, density, and melting/boiling point.

A substance made up of only one type of atom or molecule. It has a fixed composition.

A combination of two or more pure substances. It has a variable composition.

Elements in the same group (vertical column) share similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons involved in chemical bonding.

Elements that share characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, found along the 'staircase' on the periodic table.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; unique to each element.

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels.

The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; they're involved in chemical bonding.

A method for calculating the density of a substance, involving gathering data, recording units, applying the formula, simplifying units, and stating the final density value.

A diagram showing the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atom's nucleus.

The number of atoms of each element in a chemical compound, determined by the subscripts in the formula.

A diagram used to represent the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells, with the nucleus at the center and electrons orbiting in specific energy levels.

A list of materials ranked based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons during contact. Materials higher in the series tend to lose electrons and become positively charged, while those lower tend to gain electrons and become negatively charged.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It is unique to each element and defines its identity.

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus, representing its overall mass.

A description of the distribution of electrons among different energy levels in an atom.

A group of elements on the periodic table known for their extreme stability and unreactivity. They are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, and have full valence electron shells, making them very stable.

A group of elements on the periodic table known for their reactivity and tendency to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).

The process of identifying an unknown element based on its properties, comparing them to the characteristics of known elements on the periodic table.

The process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Green pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

The first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy.

The second stage of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using the energy from the light-dependent reactions.

The layer of gases surrounding the Earth that is retained by the planet's gravity.

The combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of the Earth.

The solid, outermost shell of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.

The part of the Earth's environment that is inhabited by living organisms.

The point in a comet's orbit when it is farthest from the Sun.

The point in a comet's orbit when it is closest to the Sun.

The stream of dust and ionized gases that extends millions of kilometers from the nucleus, always pointing away from the Sun due to the effects of solar radiation and solar wind.

The coolest stars, with surface temperatures below 3,500 K.

Relatively cool stars, with surface temperatures between 3,500 K and 5,000 K.

Intermediate temperature stars, with surface temperatures between 5,000 K and 7,500 K (our Sun is a yellow star).

Moderately hot stars, with surface temperatures between 7,500 K and 10,000 K.

Extremely hot stars, with surface temperatures above 10,000 K (Kelvin).

Galaxies are vast, gravitationally bound systems containing billions of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter. They come in various shapes and sizes, like spirals, ellipticals, and irregulars.

The Milky Way is our home galaxy. It's classified as a spiral galaxy, with a central bulge and spiral arms.

The four inner planets of our solar system - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are known as terrestrial planets because they have solid, rocky surfaces.

A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting its shadow on the Moon. This can only occur during a full moon.

Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun. It has a heavily cratered, rocky surface.

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, with a thick, toxic atmosphere and a surface temperature that can melt lead.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, the only known planet to have life. It has a diverse range of ecosystems.

Mars, often called the 'Red Planet', is the fourth planet from the Sun. It has a thin atmosphere and a surface marked by craters, volcanoes, and canyons.