Chemistry Quiz: Electron Configuration & Reactions

The work done by a force is the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force.

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It always acts in the opposite direction to the motion or intended motion.

The net work done on an object is the sum of all the work done by all the forces acting on the object.

The energy of an electron in a hydrogen-like atom is quantized, meaning it can only exist at specific discrete energy levels.

The emission of a photon occurs when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level within an atom.

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Higher frequency photons have more energy.

Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor by changing the magnetic flux through the conductor.

In Young's double-slit experiment, interference patterns are created due to the superposition of waves emanating from two coherent sources. Bright fringes correspond to constructive interference, where the waves reinforce each other.

The spin quantum number (ms) describes the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, representing its spin. It has two possible values: +1/2 and -1/2, indicating the direction of spin.

The principal quantum number (n) describes the electron's energy level and its average distance from the nucleus. Higher n values indicate higher energy levels and greater distance from the nucleus.

The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a given energy level (n) is determined by the formula 2n². So for n=4, the maximum is 2*(4)² = 32 electrons.

The standard electrode potential (E°) quantifies the tendency of a half-reaction to occur at a standard electrode. It tells us whether a species is a strong oxidant or reductant.

The Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the maximum non-expansion work done by a system at constant temperature and pressure. It determines the spontaneity of a reaction. A negative ΔG° indicates a spontaneous reaction.

The net process is the combined reaction of two half-reactions. The overall cell potential (E°cell) is the sum of the individual E° values of the half-reactions.

The polarizing power of a cation is its ability to distort the electron cloud of an anion. Smaller and highly charged cations have greater polarizing power.

The geometry around a central atom can change when it undergoes a chemical reaction. This is due to changes in bond angles and electron arrangement.

The de Broglie wavelength (λ) of a charged particle is related to its momentum (mv) by the equation λ = h/mv, where h is Planck's constant. This equation highlights the wave-particle duality of matter, meaning that particles can exhibit wave-like properties.

The velocity of a charged particle in a uniform electric field can be described by the equation v = v0 i + (eE0/m)t j. This means that the velocity has two components: an initial velocity in the x-direction (v0 i) and an acceleration in the y-direction due to the electric field (eE0/m)t j. The magnitude of the velocity is √(v0^2 + (eE0/m)^2 * t^2).

The de Broglie wavelength of a charged particle in a uniform electric field can be expressed as λ = h / (mv0√(1 + (eE0/mv0)^2 * t^2)). This equation considers the particle's initial velocity (v0) and the acceleration due to the electric field (eE0/m).

The de Broglie wavelength of a charged particle at time t is represented as λ = (h/mv0)√(1 + (eE0/mv0)^2 * t^2), where λ0 is the initial de Broglie wavelength (h/mv0). This formula shows how the wavelength changes over time due to the electric field's acceleration.

The de Broglie wavelength of a charged particle moving in a uniform electric field is time-dependent, meaning it changes as the particle accelerates due to the field's influence.

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.

The energy required to break one mole of a substance into its constituent atoms in their gaseous state.

The sum of the enthalpies of atomisation of each atom in a molecule.

A type of chemical reaction where a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.

The oxidation state of an element in a compound represents its apparent charge. It helps determine the distribution of electrons in a molecule.

A chemical reaction where a substance gains electrons, decreasing its oxidation state.

The enthalpy change that occurs when a chemical reaction takes place at constant pressure.

A measure of the stability or reactivity of a compound relative to its constituent elements.

The force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is directly proportional to the current, the length of the conductor, and the strength of the magnetic field. The direction of the force is given by the cross product of the current and the magnetic field.

The force acting on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is proportional to the charge, the velocity of the particle, and the strength of the magnetic field. The direction of the force is perpendicular to both the velocity and magnetic field, as determined by the right-hand rule.

The magnetic force produced by a current loop carrying current 'i' is equivalent to the force generated by a magnetic dipole moment m = iA, where A is the area of the loop.

The force experienced by two parallel conductors carrying current is proportional to product of the currents and inversely proportional to the distance between them. The forces are attractive if the currents are in the same direction and repulsive if they are in opposite directions.

The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth. The value of g varies slightly depending on location and altitude.

The minimum velocity an object needs to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or star. It is dependent on the mass of the celestial body and the distance from its center.

The angular velocity of an object rotating around a fixed axis. It represents the rate of change of the angular position with time. It is measured in radians per second.

The speed of an object moving in a circular path. It is determined by the radius of the circular path and the angular velocity. It is measured in meters per second or other units of speed.

The energy liberated when an electron transitions from a higher energy level (n) to a lower energy level (n-1) is given by the difference in energy between the two levels. This energy can be released as a photon with a specific energy and frequency, resulting in the emission spectrum of the atom.

The total current flowing in a circuit is defined as the rate of change of the magnetic flux linked with the circuit. It follows the relationship: i = -1/R * d(phi)/dt, where i represents the current, R is the resistance, and d(phi)/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux.

The maximum current in a circuit can be found by taking the derivative of the current equation and setting it equal to zero, then solving for the time. This is because the maximum occurs at a point where the rate of change of current is zero.