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Questions and Answers
Which principle specifies the electron spin for atoms with more than one electron?
What determines the behavior of an element based on the distribution of electrons into its energy levels and sublevels?
What causes energy levels to split into sublevels of different energy in atoms with more than one electron?
What method results in vertical groups of elements having identical outer electron configurations and similar behavior in the periodic table?
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Which recurring trends in the periodic table are exhibited by atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity?
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Study Notes
Electron Spin in Multi-Electron Atoms
- The Pauli Exclusion Principle specifies that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers, leading to unique spins for electrons in multi-electron atoms.
Electron Distribution and Element Behavior
- The behavior of an element is determined by the distribution of electrons in its energy levels and sublevels, influenced by the Aufbau Principle, Hund's Rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
Energy Level Splitting
- In atoms with more than one electron, the presence of electron-electron repulsions causes energy levels to split into sublevels of differing energies, resulting in electron configurations unique to each element.
Periodic Table Group Arrangement
- Vertical groups in the periodic table reflect similar outer electron configurations due to the elements sharing the same number of valence electrons, leading to analogous chemical properties and reactivities.
Trends in the Periodic Table
- Atomic size generally decreases across a period and increases down a group.
- Ionization energy tends to increase across a period and decrease down a group.
- Electron affinity typically becomes more negative across a period, indicating a stronger attraction for additional electrons, while trends are less consistent down a group.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the key principles related to arranging elements by atomic number, periodic recurrence of properties, and electron configuration of atoms. Learn about the periodic law and how the distribution of electrons determines the behavior of elements.
