Chemistry Periodic Table Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What led Mendeleev to predict that some elements had not been discovered yet?

When he created his periodic table, he saw there were gaps in it and he could predict the characteristics of the elements that should go in those gaps.

What do elements in the same period have in common?

They have the same number of occupied energy levels.

What do elements in the same group have in common?

They have similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.

Why can period 1 contain a maximum number of two elements?

Principle energy level 1, s, can only hold 2 electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is the most unreactive, and why?

Group 8, the noble gases, because they have all of their energy levels filled. Signup and view all the answers

Why are halogens extremely reactive?

They only need one more electron to have all of their energy levels filled. Signup and view all the answers

With which group are halogens most reactive?

Group 1, the alkali metals. Signup and view all the answers

How do the valence electron configurations of the alkali metals compare with each other?

They all have a valence electron configuration of 1. Signup and view all the answers

Why are the alkaline earth metals less reactive than the alkali metals?

Alkali metals only have one electron in the outer shell, which is easier to get rid of than the two electrons that alkaline earth metals have in their outer shell. Signup and view all the answers

Why do groups within the main-group elements show similar chemical behavior?

Elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons, which determine how reactive elements are. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the transition metals are sometimes referred to as the d block elements.

The electrons that are added to this block of elements are added to the d orbitals. Signup and view all the answers

According to scientifically supported theories, how and where did the natural elements form?

The Big Bang happened and everything cooled. Protons, neutrons, and electrons formed. Then hydrogen formed and then stars formed and made elements. Supernovas made elements after iron. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between a transmutation and a synthetic element.

A transmutation can be used to create a synthetic element. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a transmutation classified as a nuclear reaction?

Nuclear reactors deal with the nucleus and a transmutation is the fusion of nuclei to create an atom with larger mass. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mendeleev's Predictions

Mendeleev identified gaps in his periodic table, leading him to predict the existence of undiscovered elements with specific characteristics.

Periods and Groups

Elements in the same period share the same number of occupied energy levels.
Elements in the same group exhibit similar chemical properties and have the same number of valence electrons.

Period 1 Constraints

Period 1 can hold a maximum of two elements due to the s orbital, which accommodates only 2 electrons.

Noble Gases

Group 8 elements, known as noble gases, are the most unreactive because they have completely filled energy levels.

Reactivity of Halogens

Halogens are highly reactive since they require only one additional electron for filled energy levels.
They are most reactive with alkali metals (Group 1).

Alkali Metals' Valence Electrons

All alkali metals have a valence electron configuration of 1.

Alkaline Earth Metals Reactivity

Alkaline earth metals are less reactive than alkali metals due to having two electrons in their outer shell, making electron loss more challenging.

Main-Group Elements Behavior

Similar chemical behavior in main-group elements is due to the same number of valence electrons, which govern reactivity.

Transition Metals

Transition metals are termed d block elements because their added electrons occupy the d orbitals.

Formation of Natural Elements

Natural elements formed post-Big Bang as protons, neutrons, and electrons coalesced to create hydrogen, leading to star formation; elements heavier than iron were produced during supernovas.

Transmutation and Synthetic Elements

Transmutation processes can create synthetic elements, highlighting the connection between them.

Transmutation as a Nuclear Reaction

Transmutation is classified as a nuclear reaction as it involves the fusion of atomic nuclei, resulting in the formation of heavier atoms.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the periodic table with these flashcards! Each card challenges you on key concepts, such as Mendeleev's predictions and the characteristics of elements in periods and groups. Perfect for students studying chemistry or anyone looking to refresh their understanding of elemental properties.