Chemistry Periodic Table Chapter 5

Groups refer to the vertical columns of the periodic table, indicating elements with similar properties.
Periods are the horizontal rows, signifying elements that have the same number of electron shells.

Metals constitute the majority of the periodic table and are typically good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids are elements located along the zigzag line in the periodic table, displaying properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Nonmetals are found predominantly in the upper right corner and are generally poor conductors and more varied in properties than metals.

Alkali Metals are found in group 1, characterized by having one outer shell electron, making them highly reactive.
Alkaline Earth Metals are in group 2, with two outer shell electrons, also displaying high reactivity.
Transition Metals occupy groups 3 to 12 and possess diverse and useful properties, often used in structural and chemical applications.
Halogens, located in group 17, are termed "salt formers" due to their ability to react with metals to form salts.
Noble Gases, found in group 18, are noted for being very unreactive and are often referred to as "inert" gases.

The atomic number represents the number of protons in an element and is the primary basis for the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.
The term periodic describes the regular and repeating patterns of properties seen among elements as you move across the table.

Lanthanides are the first series of elements located at the bottom of the periodic table, known for their rare earth properties.
Actinides are the second series at the bottom, which includes radioactive elements, some of which are man-made.

Periodic Law states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers, establishing the foundational concept behind the organization of the periodic table.