Periodic Table Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table?

Arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.

What is a periodic table?

An arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

How did Dmitri Mendeleev develop an approach for organizing the elements?

Solitaire

What was Mendeleev's prediction?

Used the properties of elements located near the blank spaces in his table to predict properties for undiscovered elements. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev's table?

Close match between Mendeleev's predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed how useful his periodic table could be. Signup and view all the answers

What name did Mendeleev give the missing element one space below Aluminum?

Eka-aluminum Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the element discovered in 1875 by a French chemist?

Gallium Signup and view all the answers

What are some uses for the element gallium?

Traffic signals and tiny light emitting diodes (LEDs) Signup and view all the answers

In Mendeleev's periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped?

In the same column. Signup and view all the answers

How is the modern periodic table organized?

By increasing atomic number (number of protons). Signup and view all the answers

What is each row on the Periodic Table called?

Period Signup and view all the answers

How many periods are there on the Periodic Table?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is each column on the Periodic Table called?

Group Signup and view all the answers

What is periodic law?

States many of the physical and chemical properties of elements usually recur in a manner with increasing atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass of an element depend on?

The distribution of an element's isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atomic mass unit?

One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four pieces of information for each element?

Atomic mass, atomic number, element symbol, element name. Signup and view all the answers

What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Transition Metals on the Periodic Table?

Groups 3 through 12. Signup and view all the answers

What are Transition Metals?

Elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonmetal?

Any element that is not a metal on the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a nonmetal?

Brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and low boiling points. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metal?

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a metal?

Malleable, ductile, and high boiling points. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reactive nonmetal?

Fluorine Signup and view all the answers

What is a metalloid?

Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table?

Across a period from left to right, the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties. Signup and view all the answers

Why do the elements in a group have similar properties?

Because they have the same number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a valence electron?

An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydrogen grouped with the metals in Group 1A?

It has a single valence electron; it is grouped with other elements, such as lithium, that have only one valence electron. Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements in Group 1A called?

Alkali metals Signup and view all the answers

How does the reactivity of the Alkali Metals respond as you go down the group?

Increases from the top of Group 1A to the bottom. Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements in Group 2A called?

Alkaline earth metals. Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons do Group 2A elements have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dmitri Mendeleev and the Periodic Table

Mendeleev arranged elements in rows by increasing atomic mass, grouping similar properties in columns.
Developed his table by playing a game of solitaire, leading to an organized method for categorizing elements.

Predictions and Verification

Mendeleev predicted properties of undiscovered elements based on existing elements near blank spaces in his table.
The accuracy of his predictions and close matches with actual discovered elements confirmed the utility of his periodic table.

Missing Element

Mendeleev referred to the unknown element below Aluminum as eka-aluminum, later discovered as gallium in 1875.

Gallium

Gallium is utilized in traffic signals and small light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Structure of the Modern Periodic Table

The modern periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number (number of protons) rather than mass.
Rows are termed periods, with a total of 7 periods and columns referred to as groups.

Periodic Law

Periodic law states that physical and chemical properties of elements recur in a predictable manner with increasing atomic number.

Atomic Mass

Atomic mass is influenced by the natural distribution of an element's isotopes and their individual masses.
The atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Element Information

Each element is described by four pieces of information: atomic mass, atomic number, element symbol, and element name.

Classification of Elements

Elements are categorized as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Transition metals span groups 3 through 12, acting as a bridge between left and right elements.

Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

Metals: Good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable, ductile, and high boiling points.
Nonmetals: Brittle, poor conductors, low boiling points, and the most reactive nonmetal is fluorine.

Metalloids

Metalloids possess properties between metals and nonmetals.

Trends Across the Periodic Table

As one moves left to right across a period, elements trend from metallic properties to nonmetallic properties.
Elements in the same group share similar properties due to identical valence electron counts.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are located in the highest occupied energy level of an atom and determine chemical reactivity.
Hydrogen, having one valence electron, is placed with alkali metals in Group 1A.

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 1A elements are called alkali metals; their reactivity increases down the group.
Group 2A elements are known as alkaline earth metals and contain two valence electrons.

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Test your knowledge on Chapter 5 of the Periodic Table with these flashcards. Explore how Mendeleev organized elements by their properties and learn the significance of the periodic arrangement. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry.