Chemistry Chapter 5: The Periodic Table

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Questions and Answers

How did Mendeleev organize the rows in the periodic table?

In rows in order of increasing mass.

Why were there some gaps in Mendeleev's table?

Some elements had not yet been discovered.

What element supported Mendeleev's missing elements?

Gallium

How are elements arranged in the modern-day periodic table?

By increasing atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

What is a period?

Each row of the elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a group?

Each column of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

When do properties of elements repeat in predictable ways?

When atomic numbers are used to arrange the elements into groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is periodic law?

The pattern of repeating properties. Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass value depend on?

The distribution of an element's isotopes and the nature of those masses and isotopes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

Defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Signup and view all the answers

What are elements classified as?

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metal?

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transition metal?

Elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonmetal?

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metalloid?

Elements with properties that fall between metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a valence electron?

Electron that is at the highest occupancy of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Why do elements of a group have similar properties?

They have the same number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which group can be cut easily with a knife?

Group 1A. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is shown with the ways they react to water?

Group 2A. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is the boron family, containing aluminum?

Group 3A. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is the carbon family?

Group 4A. Signup and view all the answers

What are two elements in fertilizer?

Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Signup and view all the answers

In which group are nitrogen and phosphorus found?

Group 5A. Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen family?

Group 6A. Signup and view all the answers

What is group 7A?

The halogens. Signup and view all the answers

What is group 8A?

The noble gases. Signup and view all the answers

Why are noble gases difficult to find?

They are odorless, colorless, and extremely unreactive. Signup and view all the answers

List three ways elements in a periodic table can be classified.

<ol> <li>Their state of matter. 2. Whether they are a metal, nonmetal, or a metalloid. 3. Whether they exist in nature or not.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an element that has 1 isotope at 10 amu and the other at 11 amu?

Boron. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mendeleev's Organization of the Periodic Table

Mendeleev organized rows in the periodic table by increasing atomic mass.
Gaps existed in Mendeleev's table due to undiscovered elements.
Gallium was one element that supported the existence of Mendeleev's predicted missing elements.

Modern Periodic Table Arrangement

The modern periodic table arranges elements by increasing atomic number.
A period refers to each row of elements in the table.
A group refers to each column of the periodic table.

Properties and Patterns

Properties of elements exhibit predictable repetition based on atomic numbers.
Periodic law describes the pattern of repeating properties across the periodic table.

Atomic Mass and Isotopes

Atomic mass depends on the distribution and nature of an element's isotopes.
Atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Classification of Elements

Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.
Transition metals form a bridge between groups of the periodic table.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Valence Electrons and Group Properties

Valence electrons are the highest occupancy electrons in an atom.
Elements within a group share similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

Specific Groups and Their Characteristics

Group 1a elements can be easily cut with a knife.
Group 2a elements are notable for their reactions to water.
Group 3a, known as the boron family, includes aluminum.
Group 4a is referred to as the carbon family.
Nitrogen and phosphorus, found in fertilizers, belong to Group 5a.
Group 6a is known as the oxygen family.
Group 7a consists of the halogens.
Group 8a is identified as the noble gases, which are odorless, colorless, and extremely unreactive.

Additional Classifications

Elements can be classified based on their state of matter, metal/nonmetal/metalloid status, and whether they naturally occur.

Noteworthy Isotopes

Boron has one isotope at 10 amu and another at 11 amu.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Chapter 5 about the Periodic Table. This quiz includes essential questions about Mendeleev's organization of elements, the significance of gaps in the table, and modern arrangements of elements. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding!