Volatile Oils Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which process is applicable to volatile oils but not to fixed oils?

Saponification

Steam distillation (correct)

Volatilization at room temperature

Solubility in organic solvents and alcohol

What is the significance of fixed oils compared to volatile oils?

Nutritive value (correct)

Therapeutic agents

Flavoring agents

Starting materials for semi-synthesis

What is the main difference between volatile oils and fixed oils?

Steam distillation

Action of air and light in storage

Nutritive value

Volatility at room temperature (correct)

What is the composition difference between volatile and fixed oils?

Mixtures of hydrocarbons and their oxygenated compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oil leaves a permanent stain on filter paper?

Fixed oils Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their solubility properties:

Volatile oils = Soluble in organic solvents Fixed oils = Limited solubility in alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their volatilization properties:

Volatile oils = Steam distillable Fixed oils = Non-distillable Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their filter paper stain properties:

Volatile oils = Leave no permanent stain on filter paper Fixed oils = Leave a permanent mark on filter paper Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their action in storage:

Volatile oils = Undergo resinification over time Fixed oils = Undergo rancidity over time Signup and view all the answers

Match the importance of volatile oils with their primary usage:

Volatile oils = Perfuming agents Fixed oils = Starting materials for semi-synthesis of other compounds Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their volatilization at room temperature properties:

Volatile oils = Distillable Fixed oils = Non-distillable Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their solubility properties:

Volatile oils = Soluble in organic solvents Fixed oils = Limited solubility in alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of oils with their nutritive value properties:

Volatile oils = Negative saponification Fixed oils = Positive saponification Signup and view all the answers

Match the importance of volatile oils with their primary usage:

Volatile oils = Perfuming agents Fixed oils = Starting materials for semi-synthesis of other compounds Signup and view all the answers

Match the action of air and light in storage with the type of oils:

Volatile oils = Mixtures of hydrocarbons (mostly terpenes) and their oxygenated compounds Fixed oils = Glyceryl esters of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Volatile and Fixed Oils

Volatile oils are applicable to a process that is not applicable to fixed oils: steam distillation.

Characteristics of Volatile and Fixed Oils

Fixed oils are typically non-volatile, with a higher molecular weight and a greater viscosity than volatile oils.
Volatile oils are composed of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, whereas fixed oils are composed of triglycerides.
Fixed oils leave a permanent stain on filter paper, whereas volatile oils do not.

Solubility Properties

Volatile oils are soluble in ethanol, whereas fixed oils are soluble in hexane or ether.

Volatilization Properties

Volatile oils are highly volatile and evaporate quickly, even at room temperature, whereas fixed oils are not volatile.

Filter Paper Stain Properties

Fixed oils leave a permanent stain on filter paper, whereas volatile oils do not.

Action in Storage

Fixed oils can become rancid when exposed to air and light, whereas volatile oils are relatively stable.

Importance and Primary Usage of Volatile Oils

Volatile oils are primarily used for their aroma, flavor, and medicinal properties.

Additional Properties

Fixed oils have a higher nutritive value than volatile oils.
Air and light can cause fixed oils to become rancid, whereas volatile oils are relatively stable.