15 Questions
Which process is applicable to volatile oils but not to fixed oils?
Steam distillation
What is the significance of fixed oils compared to volatile oils?
Nutritive value
What is the main difference between volatile oils and fixed oils?
Volatility at room temperature
What is the composition difference between volatile and fixed oils?
Mixtures of hydrocarbons and their oxygenated compounds
Which type of oil leaves a permanent stain on filter paper?
Fixed oils
Match the type of oils with their solubility properties:
Volatile oils = Soluble in organic solvents Fixed oils = Limited solubility in alcohol
Match the type of oils with their volatilization properties:
Volatile oils = Steam distillable Fixed oils = Non-distillable
Match the type of oils with their filter paper stain properties:
Volatile oils = Leave no permanent stain on filter paper Fixed oils = Leave a permanent mark on filter paper
Match the type of oils with their action in storage:
Volatile oils = Undergo resinification over time Fixed oils = Undergo rancidity over time
Match the importance of volatile oils with their primary usage:
Volatile oils = Perfuming agents Fixed oils = Starting materials for semi-synthesis of other compounds
Match the type of oils with their volatilization at room temperature properties:
Volatile oils = Distillable Fixed oils = Non-distillable
Match the type of oils with their solubility properties:
Volatile oils = Soluble in organic solvents Fixed oils = Limited solubility in alcohol
Match the type of oils with their nutritive value properties:
Volatile oils = Negative saponification Fixed oils = Positive saponification
Match the importance of volatile oils with their primary usage:
Volatile oils = Perfuming agents Fixed oils = Starting materials for semi-synthesis of other compounds
Match the action of air and light in storage with the type of oils:
Volatile oils = Mixtures of hydrocarbons (mostly terpenes) and their oxygenated compounds Fixed oils = Glyceryl esters of fatty acids
Study Notes
Volatile and Fixed Oils
- Volatile oils are applicable to a process that is not applicable to fixed oils: steam distillation.
Characteristics of Volatile and Fixed Oils
- Fixed oils are typically non-volatile, with a higher molecular weight and a greater viscosity than volatile oils.
- Volatile oils are composed of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, whereas fixed oils are composed of triglycerides.
- Fixed oils leave a permanent stain on filter paper, whereas volatile oils do not.
Solubility Properties
- Volatile oils are soluble in ethanol, whereas fixed oils are soluble in hexane or ether.
Volatilization Properties
- Volatile oils are highly volatile and evaporate quickly, even at room temperature, whereas fixed oils are not volatile.
Filter Paper Stain Properties
- Fixed oils leave a permanent stain on filter paper, whereas volatile oils do not.
Action in Storage
- Fixed oils can become rancid when exposed to air and light, whereas volatile oils are relatively stable.
Importance and Primary Usage of Volatile Oils
- Volatile oils are primarily used for their aroma, flavor, and medicinal properties.
Additional Properties
- Fixed oils have a higher nutritive value than volatile oils.
- Air and light can cause fixed oils to become rancid, whereas volatile oils are relatively stable.
Test your knowledge about volatile oils with this quiz by Dr. Heba Fahmy. Learn about the definition, properties, and sources of volatile oils.
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