Chemistry of Solubility
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Questions and Answers

Solubility refers to the grams of _____ per 100g of _______.

solute, solvent

Loose sugar dissolves much faster than a sugar cube because loose sugar has ____ _______ ___.

more surface area

Sugar will dissolve ____ _______ in iced tea if you stir it.

more quickly

You can make a solid solute dissolve more quickly in a solvent by _______ __.

<p>heating it</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water can dissolve charged particles because water is _____.

<p>polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

An unsaturated solution is one that can:

<p>dissolve more solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a supersaturated solution cools down?

<p>The solute separates from the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a solution, the substance that is being dissolved is the ______.

<p>solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that does NOT conduct an electric current when it forms a solution is a ______________.

<p>nonelectrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the surface area of a solid ______ the rate of dissolving.

<p>speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas dissolves faster if the liquid is ______.

<p>cooled</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concentration of a solution that contains a large amount of solute in the solvent could be described as ____________.

<p>concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is _____.

<p>polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature is its ____.

<p>solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solid solute's _____ can often be increased by heating.

<p>solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shaking or stirring a solution will make a solute _____ more quickly.

<p>dissolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solute will dissolve more quickly if you increase its ______ ____ by breaking it into small pieces.

<p>surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solutes dissolve faster if the solvent is ____.

<p>heated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is a ____ compound because its shared electrons are not spread evenly throughout each molecule.

<p>polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Because so many substances can dissolve in water, it's often referred to as the ______ _____.

<p>universal solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ solution is an unstable system.

<p>supersaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

A saturated solution contains the greatest quantity of ______ that will dissolve in a given quantity of _____.

<p>solute, solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soap works because the negatively charged end of the hydrocarbon chain dissolves in _____, whereas the neutral end dissolves in ____.

<p>water, oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

A crystal of solute was dropped into a solution, and it dissolved. The original solution was ______.

<p>unsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is _______.

<p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a crystal of solute is dropped into a solution and other crystals appear, the solution was _______.

<p>supersaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stirring ________ the speed of dissolving of a solid in a liquid.

<p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sugar is a molecule that does not ionize when dissolved in water. Will a sugar solution conduct electricity?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a supersaturated solution is an unstable system.

<p>Because there's more solute than solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acids are substances that form _________ ___ (H₃O⁺) when dissolved in water.

<p>hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dissolved in water, all acids will ______ _________.

<p>conduct electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution that is mildly acidic would have a pH of approximately __.

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

The label on a bottle indicates that the substance inside has a pH of 13. This tells you that the substance is ________ _____.

<p>strong basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution of a base, hydronium ions react with hydroxide ions to form _______ and _____.

<p>water, salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a salt?

<p>an ionic compound that does not contain oxide or hydroxide anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

An _____ is a substance that produces H⁺ ions in a water solution.

<p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ____ is a substance that produces OH⁻ ions in a solution.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ measures how acidic or basic a substance is.

<p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ________ changes color in the presence of an acid or base.

<p>indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bitter taste and slippery feel are clues that a solution is probably a ____.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ of a solution refers to the ease with which an acid or base forms ions in a solution.

<p>Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

A base that only partly ionizes in a solution is a ____ base.

<p>weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

PH measures the ____ of hydronium ions in a solution.

<p>concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coffee has a pH of about 5. Coffee is ____.

<p>somewhat acidic (weak acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ____ is a compound that can change color in a solution, depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic.

<p>indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to form ______ ions when dissolved in water.

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ____ is a substance that either contains hydroxide ions (OH⁻) or reacts with water to form hydroxide ions.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apple juice has a pH of 3, and stomach acid has a pH of 2. This means that stomach acid is _____ acidic than apple juice.

<p>more</p> Signup and view all the answers

PH is a measure of the ________ ___ _______ (H₃O⁺) concentration of a solution.

<p>hydrogen ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a ______ reaction, hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water and salt.

<p>neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salts are ____ _______ formed when acids and bases react.

<p>ionic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Because lye contains hydroxide ions, it is a _____ _____.

<p>basic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the strength of an acid or base?

<p>how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concentration of an acid or base different from the strength of an acid or base?

<p>concentration = amount of acid or base dissolved in a solution; strength = how completely the acid ionizes in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid?

<p>a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H⁺, in a water solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a base?

<p>a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH⁻, in a water solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two common acids that are NOT harmful to the body when ingested and a product in which each is used: _____ ____ used in ______ and _______ used in _____

<p>acetic acid, vinegar; phosphoric acid, soft drinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

One common base that is NOT harmful to the body when ingested and a product in which each is used: _____ ____ used in ______

<p>aluminium hydroxide, deodorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the following pHs as a strong base, a weak acid, a weak base, or a strong acid: 2 ______ 5 ______ 8 ______ 11 ______

<p>2 = strong acid 5 = weak acid 8 = weak base 11 = strong base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solubility Concepts

  • Solubility is defined as the grams of solute per 100g of solvent.
  • The dissolving rate of loose sugar is faster due to having more surface area compared to sugar cubes.
  • Stirring iced tea helps sugar dissolve more quickly.
  • Heating increases the solubility of a solid solute in a solvent.
  • Water's polar nature allows it to dissolve charged particles.

Solution Types

  • An unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute.
  • Cooling a supersaturated solution causes the solute to separate from the solvent.
  • In any solution, the substance being dissolved is referred to as the solute.
  • A nonelectrolyte does not conduct electricity in solution.

Factors Affecting Dissolution

  • Increasing the surface area of a solid solute accelerates the dissolving process.
  • Gases dissolve faster in liquids when the liquid is cooled.
  • A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Polar and Non-Polar Characteristics

  • Polar molecules have a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other.
  • Water is called the universal solvent due to its ability to dissolve many substances.

Solutions and Saturation

  • A supersaturated solution is unstable and can contain more solute than a saturated solution, which contains the maximum solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
  • Soap's effectiveness comes from its dual nature: a negatively charged end that dissolves in water and a neutral end that dissolves in oil.

Acids and Bases

  • Acids produce hydrogen ions (H₃O⁺) in water, leading to conductivity.
  • A solution with a pH of about 7 is considered mildly acidic, with values below indicating stronger acidity.
  • Strong acids and bases fully ionize in solutions, while weak ones do not.

pH and Indicators

  • pH measures the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution; lower pH indicates higher acidity.
  • Bitter taste and a slippery feel are characteristics of basic solutions.
  • Indicators change color based on the acidity or basicity of the solution.

Neutralization Reactions

  • Neutralization reactions produce water and salt as hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react.
  • Salts are ionic compounds formed from acid-base reactions.

Safety and Common Acids/Bases

  • Common acids like acetic acid in vinegar and phosphoric acid in soft drinks are not harmful in small doses.
  • Aluminum hydroxide is a safe base used in deodorants.

Distinguishing Acids and Bases

  • An acid is defined as a substance producing hydrogen ions, while a base produces hydroxide ions in water.
  • Strength refers to ionization completeness, while concentration is the amount dissolved.

pH Identification

  • A pH of 2 designates a strong acid, 5 a weak acid, 8 a weak base, and 11 a strong base.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of solubility with this quiz. Explore concepts related to solutes, solvents, and factors affecting dissolution rates. Perfect for students studying chemistry or anyone interested in the science of solutions.

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