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Questions and Answers
What should be done to the nail plate before a nail service?
What should be done to the nail plate before a nail service?
What is a leading cause of most types of nail enhancement product issues?
What is a leading cause of most types of nail enhancement product issues?
How long do nail dehydrators typically remove surface moisture from the nail plate?
How long do nail dehydrators typically remove surface moisture from the nail plate?
What can lead to lifting, breaking, free-edge chipping, and free-edge product separation?
What can lead to lifting, breaking, free-edge chipping, and free-edge product separation?
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What type of reaction occurs in coatings that cure or polymerize?
What type of reaction occurs in coatings that cure or polymerize?
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What type of reaction occurs in coatings that harden upon evaporation?
What type of reaction occurs in coatings that harden upon evaporation?
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What are extremely long chains of molecules, with each chain containing millions of molecules?
What are extremely long chains of molecules, with each chain containing millions of molecules?
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What are the individual molecules that join to make a polymer?
What are the individual molecules that join to make a polymer?
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What is true about the majority of chemical substances?
What is true about the majority of chemical substances?
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What forms when liquids evaporate into the air?
What forms when liquids evaporate into the air?
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How does temperature affect the formation of a vapor?
How does temperature affect the formation of a vapor?
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What is mixed with soot-like particles to form fumes?
What is mixed with soot-like particles to form fumes?
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What is the result of adhesion on two surfaces?
What is the result of adhesion on two surfaces?
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What occurs when the molecules on one surface are attracted to the molecules on another surface?
What occurs when the molecules on one surface are attracted to the molecules on another surface?
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What is a nail primer?
What is a nail primer?
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What can a corrosive substance cause?
What can a corrosive substance cause?
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What is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?
What is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?
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What is the result of one monomer reacting with the tail of another?
What is the result of one monomer reacting with the tail of another?
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What is a type of monomer that joins different polymer chains together?
What is a type of monomer that joins different polymer chains together?
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What type of monomer is used to make all monomer liquid and polymer powder systems?
What type of monomer is used to make all monomer liquid and polymer powder systems?
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What type of acrylic is used in most UV gels?
What type of acrylic is used in most UV gels?
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What type of substance is used in nail adhesives and wraps?
What type of substance is used in nail adhesives and wraps?
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What type of substance has been banned in the United States and many other countries?
What type of substance has been banned in the United States and many other countries?
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What is the purpose of plasticizers in evaporation coatings?
What is the purpose of plasticizers in evaporation coatings?
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Study Notes
Chemistry of Nail Products
- Most chemical substances are safe if used properly.
- Vapors are formed when liquids evaporate into the air.
- The higher the temperature, the faster a vapor will form.
- Fumes are a blend of soot-like particles mixed with vapors.
- Adhesion is a force of nature that makes two surfaces stick together.
- Adhesion occurs when the molecules on one surface are attracted to the molecules on another surface.
- An adhesive is a chemical that causes two surfaces to stick together.
Adhesion and Nail Products
- A nail primer is a substance that improves adhesion.
- Good adhesion depends on proper technique and high-quality products.
- Before any nail service, the hands should be washed and the nail plate should be scrubbed with a nail brush to remove surface oils and contaminants that interfere with proper adhesion.
- Improper nail preparation is a leading cause of most types of nail enhancement product lifting.
Nail Preparation and Coatings
- Nail dehydrators temporarily remove surface moisture from the nail plate for about 30 minutes.
- Over-filing the nail plate can lead to lifting, breaking, free-edge chipping, and free-edge product separation, or curling.
- Coatings that cure or polymerize do so by a chemical reaction.
- Coatings that harden upon evaporation do so by a physical reaction.
- Polymers are extremely long chains of molecules, with each chain containing millions of molecules.
Polymers and Monomers
- Monomers are the individual molecules that join to make the polymer.
- Liquid and powder systems use thermal initiators that gather energy from the heat of the room or hand.
- UV curing systems use photoinitiators that derive their extra energy when exposed to UV.
- A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by making initiators work more efficiently or by helping chemical reactions happen more easily.
Chemical Reactions and Bonding
- The head of one monomer reacting with the tail of another, resulting in a long chain of monomers, is called a simple polymer chain.
- A cross-linker is a monomer that joins different polymer chains together.
- Methacrylate is used to make all monomer liquid and polymer powder systems and at least one type of UV gel.
- Acrylates are used to make all other UV gels.
Nail Adhesives and Chemicals
- All nail adhesives (glues) and wraps are based on cyanoacrylates.
- Methyl methacrylate monomer has been banned in the United States and in many other countries.
- Evaporation coatings contain ingredients called plasticizers, which are used to keep the products flexible.
- Evaporation coatings also contain ingredients called UV stabilizers, which control color stability and prevent sunlight from causing fading or discoloration.
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Description
A review quiz for the State Board Exam on the chemistry of nail products, covering topics such as chemical substances, evaporation, and temperature effects.
