Chemistry of Living Things
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Questions and Answers

What happens to matter during the burning of a candle?

  • Matter is destroyed when the candle burns.
  • Matter remains unchanged throughout the burning.
  • Matter changes forms during the burning process. (correct)
  • Matter is created as the candle burns.

    • Which statement best describes ionic compounds?

  • They are formed from the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetals.
  • They consist of positively and negatively charged ions attracted to each other. (correct)
  • They are composed solely of metallic elements.
  • They only exist as gases under standard conditions.

    • What defines a molecule in the context of covalent compounds?

  • A particle consisting of two or more atoms that share electrons. (correct)
  • A single atom that has gained electrons.
  • A substance that can only exist in a solid state.
  • A collection of ions bound together by electrostatic forces.

    • Which of the following accurately represents the Law of Conservation of Energy?

    <p>Energy changes forms but cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do covalent bonds generally form?

    <p>By the sharing of valence electrons between two nonmetals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is involved in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a pure substance made of only one kind of atom?

    <p>Element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a physical change?

    <p>Breaking a bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the building block of matter?

    <p>Atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of energy is NOT listed in the types of energy?

    <p>Nuclear energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average kinetic energy of particles within a substance commonly referred to as?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical change?

    <p>Baking a cake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is classified as mechanical energy?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry of Living Things

    • Living things are composed of matter
    • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
    • The fundamental building block of matter is an atom
    • An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
    • Energy is the ability to do work; it powers biological processes
    • Temperature measures average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
    • What happens to living things without access to energy? They cease to function.
    • Nonliving things also have energy
    • What would the world be like without energy? It would be lifeless and inert.
    • Examples of energy: mechanical, light, sound, electrical, thermal, chemical

    Types of Energy

    • Mechanical energy (kinetic and potential)
    • Acoustic energy (sound)
    • Light energy
    • Thermal energy
    • Electrical energy
    • Chemical energy

    Forms of Energy

    • Light
    • Thermal
    • Electrical
    • Mechanical
    • Sound
    • Chemical

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical change: the form or state of a substance changes, but the substance itself doesn't change
    • Chemical change: a substance's identity changes
    • Examples of physical change: boiling water, breaking a bone
    • Examples of chemical change: baking a cake, photosynthesis, burning a candle
    • Photosynthesis is a chemical change where plants use light energy to create sugars
    • Burning a candle involves a chemical change where the candle's chemical composition transforms as it combines with oxygen
    • Law of Conservation of Matter: matter cannot be created or destroyed, only change forms
    • Law of Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change forms

    Conserving Matter

    • Matter and energy are conserved in changes in matter and energy
    • The "lost" or "gained" matter or energy can be tracked to see where it's going or coming from

    Bond

    • An electrostatic attraction that forms between atoms when they share or transfer electrons

    Compound

    • A pure substance made from two or more elements that are chemically combined

    Ionic Compounds

    • Atoms give or take valence electrons
    • These ions attract to form compounds
    • The bond typically forms between a metal and a nonmetal

    Covalent Compounds

    • Atoms share electrons
    • A covalently bonded particle of two or more atoms is called a molecule
    • The bond typically forms between two nonmetals.

    Molecule of Water

    • A water molecule forms when two hydrogen atoms share electrons with an oxygen atom

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    Chemistry of Living Things PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of chemistry as they relate to living organisms. This quiz covers essential topics such as matter, energy types, and the importance of these principles to life. Test your knowledge on how energy powers biological processes and the various forms it can take.

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