Life Science: November Paper 1 hard
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Questions and Answers

What are the common elements essential to life, according to the text?

  • Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr)
  • Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Platinum (Pt)
  • Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S), Iron (Fe) (correct)
  • Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Radon (Rn)

Which element is highlighted as being a pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means?

  • Calcium (Ca)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Oxygen (O) (correct)

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

  • Atom (correct)
  • Molecule
  • Proton
  • Neutron

What type of bond do atoms form when they share electrons, according to the text?

<p>Polar covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that defines an atom's unique properties?

<p>Number of protons in the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are compounds categorized based on their composition, as explained in the text?

<p>Composition of elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of lipids in living organisms?

<p>Energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for chlorophyll production and metabolic reactions in plants?

<p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound is classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can excessive use of inorganic fertilisers have on water bodies?

<p>Harmful hypoxic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitrogen in plants?

<p>Growth and metabolic functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are typically solid at room temperature and found in animal products?

<p>Saturated fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main environmental impact of overusing fertilisers?

<p>Eutrophication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of organic compounds is essential for genetic information storage and processing?

<p>Nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when nutrient runoff due to fertilisers causes excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae?

<p>Formation of hypoxic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Energy storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caloric content of 10 grams of fat?

<p>54 kcal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is most essential for muscle repair and growth?

<p>Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of carbohydrates are recommended daily for females aged 19-30 years?

<p>230 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who contributed significantly to the advancement of microbiology through observations of single-celled organisms?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material did Robert Hooke use to observe plant cells in 1665?

<p>Cork (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What revolutionized the study of cellular structures by providing high magnification and resolution to observe organelles?

<p>Electron Microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient plays a vital role in blood health and is available in red meat and spinach?

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Vitamin C?

<p>Citrus fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caloric content of 8 grams of protein?

<p>24 kcal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the highest caloric content per gram?

<p>Fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical test is best suited to identify the presence of proteins?

<p>Biuret test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is crucial for visual health and immune function?

<p>Vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency disease is associated with a lack of Vitamin C?

<p>Scurvy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known to support iron metabolism, immune function, and collagen formation?

<p>Vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical tests are suitable to identify fats and oils?

<p>Ether test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to bone softness, bowed legs, and widened wrists in children?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beriberi is associated with the deficiency of which vitamin from the Vitamin B Complex?

<p>B1 (Thiamine) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

<p>Functions as an antioxidant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deficiency of which vitamin can lead to night blindness and immune dysfunction?

<p>Vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

<p>To prevent deficiency diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds?

<p>Simple chemical structures lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbohydrates important in living organisms?

<p>For energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In living organisms, what role do proteins play?

<p>Acting as enzymes and building cellular structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of water that makes it vital for temperature regulation?

<p>High heat capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water contribute to the transport of nutrients in organisms?

<p>Acting as a primary component in bodily fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what process does water participate directly in chemical reactions?

<p>Hydrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about minerals in human and plant nutrition is true?

<p>Micro-elements are needed in smaller amounts than macro-elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sodium chloride (NaCl) in living organisms?

<p>Osmoregulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

<p>60-70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates differ from fats in their functions?

<p>Carbohydrates are critical for energy storage, while fats are essential for building cellular structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components are essential in a light microscope?

<p>Objective lenses, light source, and microscopic stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope uses beams of electrons for magnification?

<p>Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the cell theory?

<p>Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Provides structural support and shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Waste breakdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about magnification calculation is correct?

<p>Magnification is calculated by multiplying the powers of the ocular and objective lenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>Controlling movement of substances in and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material provides structural strength to the cell wall?

<p>Cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

<p>Cellular communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Smooth ER in plant and animal cells?

<p>Detoxification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the fundamental concept of cell theory?

<p>All living organisms are composed of cells, and new cells come from pre-existing cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique process occurs in plant cells but not in animal cells?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus in cells?

<p>Modification and packaging of proteins and lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle plays a crucial role in maintaining cell rigidity in plant cells?

<p>Vacuole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Rough ER in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Protein synthesis and processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cell theory, which statement concerning cells is accurate?

<p>Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Nucleus in a cell?

<p>Stores genetic material and controls cell activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between carrier-facilitated transport and active transport?

<p>Carrier-facilitated transport moves substances against their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the surface area to volume ratio important in determining when a cell will divide?

<p>A decreased ratio can cause the cell to divide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

<p>The cell grows and produces new proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance nutrient absorption?

<p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of the endoplasmic reticulum in relation to the cell membrane?

<p>It assists in the synthesis of lipids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During interphase, why is DNA in the form of chromatin and not distinct chromosomes?

<p>To allow for efficient DNA replication and transcription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle includes the duplication of each chromosome, resulting in two sister chromatids?

<p>S Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

<p>Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is specifically involved in the uptake of larger particles by the cell?

<p>Phagocytic Vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a cell undergo division to form smaller cells?

<p>To maintain an effective surface area to volume ratio. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle defines an element's unique characteristics?

<p>Proton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a molecule?

<p>Atoms of different elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature that categorizes compounds into organic and inorganic?

<p>Their composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical bond is responsible for holding atoms together in a molecule?

<p>Covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be true about compounds?

<p>They consist of atoms of different elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a molecule?

<p>A substance that retains its chemical properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound serves primarily as an energy storage molecule in animals?

<p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of iron in living organisms?

<p>Oxygen transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes unsaturated fats from saturated fats?

<p>Liquid at room temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient deficiency can result in stunted growth and photosynthesis impairment in plants?

<p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental issue may arise from the overuse of inorganic fertilisers in agriculture?

<p>Soil acidification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral nutrient is involved in the production of chlorophyll in plants?

<p>Manganese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of carbohydrates would you find cellulose, a component of plant cell walls?

<p>Polysaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which consequence may arise from hypoxic conditions due to eutrophication in water bodies?

<p>Damage to aquatic life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common role of proteins in living organisms that contributes to various cellular processes?

<p>Structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element plays a critical role in thyroid hormone production and is considered a microelement?

<p>Iodine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin C?

<p>Scurvy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Vitamin D in the body?

<p>Enhances mineral absorption for bone health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin can be sourced from citrus fruits, tomatoes, and several vegetables?

<p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency disease is linked to inadequate intake of Vitamin E?

<p>Anemia and nerve conduction issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food sources are rich in Vitamin A?

<p>Fish oil and dairy products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which deficiency disease does the body show symptoms such as poor vision in low light?

<p>Night blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What group of food items can serve as sources for Vitamin B Complex?

<p>Legumes, nuts, and grains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can result in skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems, and psychological disturbances?

<p>Vitamin B3 (Niacin) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential role of Vitamin E in the body?

<p>Functions as an antioxidant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency disease is characterized by bone softness, bowed legs, and widened wrists in children due to insufficient Vitamin D?

<p>Rickets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon dioxide classified as an inorganic compound?

<p>It lacks hydrogen atoms and is bonded to oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbohydrates considered essential compounds in living organisms?

<p>They provide energy storage and structural functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do calcium, potassium, and sodium fall into based on their required amounts by living organisms?

<p>Macro-elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water known as the 'universal solvent'?

<p>It dissolves more substances than any other liquid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

<p>60% - 70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water contribute to the transport of nutrients in organisms?

<p>It is a primary component of bodily fluids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of proteins in building cellular structures?

<p>Maintaining rigidity and structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do fats differ from carbohydrates based on their functions?

<p>Fats are important for cell membrane formation, while carbohydrates are essential for structural purposes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are minerals considered essential for living organisms?

<p>They perform critical metabolic functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds?

<p>Inorganic compounds lack carbon-hydrogen bonds, while organic compounds contain oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient value is used to calculate the energy content in food items?

<p>Caloric content of macronutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a balanced diet aim to achieve?

<p>Ensure no individual nutrient is consumed excessively over others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is crucial for bone health and is obtained from dairy products and fortified cereals?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

<p>Determine optimal nutrient intake levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What revolutionary tool provided higher magnification and resolution in the visualization of cellular structures?

<p>Electron Microscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique was introduced to enhance the visibility of internal cell structures during the evolution of microscopy?

<p>Chemical Staining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do convex lenses in microscopes primarily assist in achieving?

<p>Magnification of objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is malnutrition a concern for individuals?

<p>It results in the body not receiving enough nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Waste Removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a balanced diet?

<p>Varied Food Types in Proper Quantities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific feature of animal cells contributes to their ability to form more complex structures?

<p>Centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles performs a function similar to that of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Vacuole in plant cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Nucleus in a cell, according to the text?

<p>Genetic Control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do animal cells lack a cell wall, unlike plant cells?

<p>For the formation of a variety of cell shapes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized structures in plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, what provides structural support, rigidity, and shape to the cell?

<p>Cell Wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

<p>Communication between cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In light microscopes, what is used to support the specimen being observed?

<p>Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential life function exhibited by the cell, according to cell theory?

<p>Reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Waste Digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular phase occupies about 90% of the cell cycle's duration and is crucial for growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division?

<p>G2 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which cellular phase does the DNA replicate, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome?

<p>S Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures that a cell will divide into smaller cells with a more favorable surface area to volume ratio?

<p>Cytokinesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance absorption of nutrients?

<p>Microvilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves cellular contents being duplicated but not the chromosomes?

<p>G1 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular phase marks the end of interphase and readies the cell for mitosis?

<p>G2 Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process leads to cells becoming inefficient in material exchange due to an unfavorable surface area to volume ratio?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is crucial for DNA replication and ensuring genetic information is maintained?

<p>Interphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical mechanism that ensures each new cell will possess the correct amount of genetic information following cell division?

<p>S Phase (Synthesis Phase) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in plant and animal cells?

<p>Processes and packages proteins and lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelles are responsible for synthesizing proteins in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Rough ER in cells?

<p>Protein synthesis and processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle plays a crucial role in maintaining cell rigidity in plant cells?

<p>Vacuole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in cells?

<p>Digestion of cellular waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration in plant and animal cells?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function of centrioles in animal cells during cell division?

<p>Aiding in chromosome separation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept highlighted in the Cell Theory?

<p>Cells are the basic units of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

<p>The membrane has lipids and proteins in constant motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microvilli on the cell membrane?

<p>Assisting in nutrient absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle contributes the most to defining an element's unique characteristics?

<p>Proton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chemistry, what is the essential characteristic that distinguishes a molecule from an atom?

<p>Chemical properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons in a molecule?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination would NOT result in the formation of a compound?

<p>N and N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT commonly included in the list of essential elements to life presented in the text?

<p>Aluminum (Al) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do all compounds qualify as molecules, but not all molecules qualify as compounds?

<p>Molecules can sometimes be made of only one element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual indication suggests the presence of starch in a chemical test?

<p>Blue-black color change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is primarily responsible for supporting iron metabolism and collagen formation?

<p>Vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency disease results from inadequate Vitamin D intake, especially in children?

<p>Rickets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of anemia can arise from deficiencies of Vitamins B6, B9, and B12?

<p>Megaloblastic anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can result in a depressed immune system and poor nerve conduction?

<p>Vitamin E (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which vitamins are various forms of anemia linked to their deficiencies?

<p>Vitamin A and Vitamin B Complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, enzymatic activity, and cellular health?

<p>Vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Vitamin B Complex in the body?

<p>Facilitates metabolic processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin D in the body's mineralization processes?

<p>Enhances bone and teeth mineralization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases can result from a deficiency of Vitamin B Complex?

<p>Beriberi and scurvy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

<p>Organic compounds always contain hydrogen, while inorganic compounds do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water in living organisms?

<p>To serve as a transport medium for nutrients and waste products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about minerals in human nutrition is correct?

<p>Macro-elements are critical for nerve transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique property of water that allows it to regulate temperature effectively?

<p>High heat capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water contribute to structural support in plants and animals?

<p>By forming a hydrostatic skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of water is crucial for cellular biochemistry?

<p>Dissolving substances for chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes water an essential element in blood, sap, and bodily fluids?

<p>Facilitating the transport of nutrients and waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes water a critical component in the digestive system?

<p>Aiding in the transport of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does water play in photosynthesis in plants?

<p>Splitting into oxygen and hydrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key property of water supports its role in chemical reactions like hydrolysis and photosynthesis?

<p>Being the 'universal solvent' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is typically solid at room temperature and found in animal products?

<p>Fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where nutrient runoff from excessive fertiliser use leads to aquatic plant overgrowth and oxygen depletion called?

<p>Eutrophication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral nutrient is essential for smaller-scale critical roles like chlorophyll production in plants?

<p>Zinc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is crucial for functions like oxygen transport (in hemoglobin) and thyroid hormone production?

<p>Iodine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which main classes of organic compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar consisting of one molecule, crucial for energy storage and structural roles?

<p>Monosaccharide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, consisting of fats, oils, waxes, and steroids called?

<p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are liquid at room temperature and commonly found in plants?

<p>Unsaturated fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential macronutrient needed for growth and metabolic functions such as photosynthesis and enzyme activation?

<p>Phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is vital for genetic information storage and processing in living organisms?

<p>Phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus in cells?

<p>Processing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is unique to plant cells and not found in animal cells?

<p>Chloroplasts for photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the discovery made by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek that advanced the study of microbiology?

<p>Observation of single-celled organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for waste breakdown using digestive enzymes in animal cells?

<p>Lysosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of microbiology important in the context of observing cells?

<p>To observe the basic building blocks of living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smooth ER in plant and animal cells?

<p>Detoxification and lipid synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology marked a revolutionary step in the visualization of intricate internal cell structures?

<p>Electron Microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of the cell membrane?

<p>It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using chemical stains in microscopy?

<p>To aid in detailed observations of internal cell structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of lenses in microscopes?

<p>To magnify objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, what provides structural strength, protection, and shape to the cell?

<p>Cell Wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient plays a crucial role in muscle repair and growth?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in animal cells is crucial for cell division and chromosome separation?

<p>Centrioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are balanced diets important in relation to nutrient consumption?

<p>To ensure the right balance of macronutrients and micronutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of organelles in cells?

<p>Performing distinct processes vital for cell function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells with regard to the lack of cell walls in animal cells?

<p>They can move and change their shapes more easily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vitamin C commonly sourced from in dietary recommendations?

<p>Citrus fruits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fats in the body?

<p>To serve as the main energy source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates contribute to the body's energy needs?

<p>By serving as the main energy source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the surface area to volume ratio crucial for determining when a cell will divide?

<p>To maintain efficient material exchange with the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does each chromosome duplicate by the cell, forming two sister chromatids?

<p>S Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of microvilli in relation to the cell membrane?

<p>Increasing the absorption efficiency of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component closely integrates with the endoplasmic reticulum for material transfer and signaling pathways?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cellular division, what defines the transition between prophase and metaphase?

<p>Chromosomes align at the cell's equator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pinocytotic vesicles in cellular processes?

<p>Internalizing liquids for cellular nourishment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ions like sodium and potassium primarily utilizing active transport mechanisms in cells?

<p>To maintain essential cellular functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA being loosely packed and dispersed in chromatin form during interphase?

<p>To allow for efficient DNA replication and transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle does not directly contribute to the maintenance of the cell's surface area to volume ratio?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water primarily move across the cell membrane?

<p>Simple Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organelle is uniquely involved in photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

<p>Detoxification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle plays a central role in cellular respiration by converting glucose into ATP?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus in cells?

<p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure assists in processes like nutrient intake and waste removal at the cell membrane level?

<p>Microvilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

<p>Describes proteins floating in a phospholipid bilayer with fluidity and flexibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of plant cells that enables them to maintain structural rigidity?

<p>Cell Wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in protein synthesis within the cell?

<p>Ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structure helps plant cells store substances and maintain turgor pressure?

<p>Vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is unique to plant cells and involves converting light energy into chemical energy?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>Growing and preparing for mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell cycle directly involves the duplication of each chromosome resulting in sister chromatids?

<p>S Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are chromosomes dispersed as chromatin during interphase?

<p>To efficiently perform DNA replication and transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process occurs specifically during the prophase of mitosis?

<p>Condensation of chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the surface area to volume ratio impact a cell's ability to acquire nutrients?

<p>Higher ratio means faster nutrient absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a cell reach a state where it is ready to enter mitosis?

<p>Following G2 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem does a cell face as it grows larger?

<p>Decreased surface area to volume ratio, hindering material exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does a cell spend about 90% of the cell cycle's duration?

<p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in organisms?

<p>Growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does mitosis primarily take place in animals?

<p>Bone Marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells?

<p>Presence of Centrosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Prophase, what significant cellular change occurs?

<p>Chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope disintegrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do chromatids split at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>Cell membrane constricting at the equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Telophase from the other mitotic phases?

<p>Nuclear membranes reforming around chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for multicellular organisms to undergo mitosis?

<p>Expansion through cell multiplication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of cytokinesis in plant cells compared to animal cells?

<p>Formation of a cell plate instead of membrane constriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancers primarily disrupt normal tissue functions?

<p>By depriving normal cells of nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes malignant tumors compared to benign ones?

<p>Malignant tumors spread to other tissues and are invasive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer affects the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems primarily?

<p>Leukemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in response to growth inhibition signals?

<p>Cancer cells do not respond to the signals and continue to divide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which member of the Human Papillomavirus family is linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer?

<p>HPV-16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conventional cancer treatment physically removes the tumor or part of it?

<p>Surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Angiogenesis in cancer growth?

<p>To facilitate the spread of cancer cells to other tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception about cancer is characterized by viewing the disease as an inevitable death sentence?

<p>Fatalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily formed by the cell plate during cytokinesis in plant cells?

<p>New plant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dermal tissue (epidermal tissue) in plants?

<p>Protect the plant from external factors and reduce water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are meristematic tissues primarily found in a plant?

<p>Roots and shoots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue allows a plant to grow in thickness?

<p>Meristematic tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do permanent tissues differ from meristematic tissues in plants?

<p>Permanent tissues do not generally divide unlike the continuously dividing meristematic tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of meristematic cells located in the apical meristems?

<p>Continuous division ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes meristematic tissue from permanent tissue in plant structures?

<p>Permanent tissues generally divide while meristematic tissues do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Connective Tissue?

<p>Supporting, binding, and protecting other tissues and organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Sclerenchyma is accurate?

<p>Comprises cells with thick lignified walls for rigidity and strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cardiac Muscle?

<p>Facilitating blood circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Epithelial Tissue is specialized in absorption and secretion and is tall with column-like cells?

<p>Columnar Epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main differentiation between Xylem and Phloem in plant tissue?

<p>Xylem consists of dead cells for structural support, Phloem consists of living cells for nutrient transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type in plants serves as a protective layer covering body surfaces and lining internal cavities?

<p>Epithelial Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinctive feature of Skeletal Muscle?

<p>Voluntary contractions that move bones and other structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Collenchyma in plants?

<p>Support and flexibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Embryonic Tissue?

<p>To form various body structures through cell differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Connective Tissue cushions and supports organs, contributing to their protection?

<p>Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

<p>Insulate axons and enhance signal transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system controls involuntary responses like heart rate and digestion?

<p>Autonomic Nervous System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of nerve cells contains the nucleus and cytoplasmic extensions?

<p>Cell body (soma) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of interneurons in nerve tissue?

<p>Facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron predominantly carries messages from sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System?

<p>Unipolar neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the dendrites in nerve cells?

<p>Receive impulses from other neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements in the body?

<p>Somatic Nervous System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in nerve tissue?

<p>Influence bodily responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is mainly involved in transmitting signals from the Central Nervous System to muscles or glands?

<p>Multipolar neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do sensory neurons primarily play in nerve tissue?

<p>Transmit sensory information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the G1 Phase of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>Duplicating cellular contents including chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial factor in determining when a cell will divide?

<p>The surface area to volume ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes only condense into more distinct forms?

<p>Prophase of mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the surface area to volume ratio crucial for a cell?

<p>It impacts the cell's ability to acquire nutrients and dispose of waste effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA being loosely packed and dispersed throughout the nucleus during interphase?

<p>It aids in DNA replication and transcription to be performed efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the cell not actively dividing but preparing for division?

<p>Interphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons a cell undergoes division?

<p>To maintain a high surface area to volume ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function of mitosis allows for the expansion of multicellular organisms from single cells to large populations?

<p>Growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, where is mitotic activity prominently observed for processes like skin renewal?

<p>Root tip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows for the replacement of worn-out or damaged cells in living organisms?

<p>Cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key event in the prophase of mitosis involving the visibility of chromosomes?

<p>Chromosome condensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase marks the beginning of cytokinesis in animal cells during mitosis?

<p>Telophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structure is absent in plant cells during mitosis, distinguishing them from animal cells?

<p>Centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular activity is crucial for the formation of two identical daughter cells in mitosis?

<p>Cytokinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the roles of the apical meristem and lateral meristem in relation to mitosis in plants?

<p>Cell division orientation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Collenchyma cells?

<p>Thicker cell walls at the corners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue supports movements like peristalsis and regulation of blood flow?

<p>Smooth Muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Embryonic Stem Cells capable of doing?

<p>Differentiating into any cell type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)?

<p>Cushioning and supporting organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Phloem in plants?

<p>Transporting photosynthetic products throughout the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Epithelial Tissue consists of tall, column-like cells specialized in absorption and secretion?

<p>Columnar Epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Sclerenchyma play in plant structures?

<p>Providing rigidity and strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In animals, where are Adult Stem Cells primarily found?

<p>Adult organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of permanent tissue is responsible for movement, both voluntary and involuntary?

<p>Muscle Tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Xylem in plants?

<p>Transporting water and minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

<p>Insulate axons and enhance signal transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons are predominantly sensory neurons that carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS?

<p>Unipolar neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system within the Peripheral Nervous System?

<p>Control involuntary responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body serves as the primary control center for managing all information in the body?

<p>Brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of the dendrites in neurons?

<p>Receive impulses from other neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized cells transmit nerve impulses in nerve tissue?

<p>Neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the soma in neurons?

<p>Contain the nucleus and cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that information flows in one direction from dendrites to axons in neurons?

<p>Dendrite-Axon Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meristematic tissue in plants?

<p>To contribute to plant growth through continuous division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue type is responsible for protecting the plant from external factors?

<p>Dermal tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of motor neurons in nerve tissue?

<p>Transmit signals from CNS to muscles or glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of epidermal tissues in plants?

<p>To reduce water loss and protect the plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nerve tissue, which cells receive impulses from other neurons through their cytoplasmic extensions?

<p>Dendrites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue in plants is primarily responsible for facilitating growth in girth?

<p>Meristematic tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of meristematic cells located in the apical meristems?

<p>Densely packed cells without intercellular spaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is essential for plant growth and development by continuously dividing?

<p>Meristematic tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do permanent tissues in plants generally not divide like meristematic tissues?

<p>Permanent tissues have matured and specialized cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cambium, a type of lateral meristem in plants?

<p>To contribute to the growth in plant length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue is crucial for increasing the plant's surface area for water and nutrient absorption?

<p>Dermal tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the mechanism of cell division in plant cells during cytokinesis from that of animal cells?

<p>Formation of a cell plate at the equator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cancer cells contributes to their invasive nature and ability to spread throughout the body?

<p>Initiation of Angiogenesis for new blood vessel formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular characteristic primarily defines a tumor as malignant instead of benign?

<p>Potential to invade other tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carcinomas differ from sarcomas in their origination within the body?

<p>Carcinomas form in the epithelial cells, while sarcomas start in connective tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells in terms of growth inhibition signals?

<p>Cancer cells fail to respond to growth inhibition signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors contribute to the development of cancer?

<p>By damaging DNA and disrupting cellular regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does inherited genetic mutations play in the risk of cancer development?

<p>Elevating susceptibility to cellular regulation errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of cancer cells facilitates their spread to other parts of the body?

<p>Invasiveness and metastatic potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a benign tumor compared to a malignant tumor?

<p>Lack of ability to spread to distant body sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells ensure a continuous nutrient supply for their growth?

<p>Through the promotion of Angiogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Nutrient storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the dicotyledonous root contains the Casparian strip, ensuring controlled water absorption?

<p>Endodermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pericycle in the dicotyledonous root system?

<p>Lateral root formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dicotyledonous root system features root hairs to increase water and mineral absorption?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous roots, what is the role of the Stele (Vascular Cylinder)?

<p>Movement of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cortex in dicotyledonous roots does NOT have a waterproof cuticle?

<p>Epidermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exoskeletons in organisms?

<p>Offering robust external protection and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do organisms with hydrostatic skeletons need to reside in moist or aquatic environments?

<p>Due to the lack of rigid support provided by their skeletons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation does the exoskeleton allow for in arthropods?

<p>Specialized feeding and defense mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of hydrostatic skeletons in organisms?

<p>Lack of rigid support for movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the growth of organisms with exoskeletons require moulting?

<p>To accommodate growth as the external shell does not grow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do hydrostatic skeletons differ from exoskeletons?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons lack solid support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables organisms with hydrostatic skeletons to maneuver through narrow spaces?

<p>Muscle contraction against fluid pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of an exoskeleton allows for a leverage point for muscle attachment in arthropods?

<p>Diversity in physical adaptations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do hydrostatic skeletons offer flexibility to organisms?

<p>Allows for maneuvering through narrow spaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrostatic skeletons differ from exoskeletons in terms of protection and support?

<p>Exoskeletons lack solid support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones in the human skeleton primarily provide protection for internal organs and a broad surface for muscle attachment?

<p>Flat Bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vertebral column in the human skeleton?

<p>Provide structural integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the human skeleton is crucial for protecting the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs?

<p>Axial Skeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cervical vertebrae in the human skeleton?

<p>Forming the neck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones in the human skeleton is primarily responsible for large movements and acts as levers?

<p>Long Bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic girdle in the human skeleton?

<p>Support the lower limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones in the human skeleton fall into the category of flat bones?

<p>Scapulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the human skeleton, what is the main role of the pectoral girdle?

<p>Support the upper limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the human skeleton forms the central axis of the body and protects the brain and internal organs?

<p>Axial Skeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bones are classified as irregular bones in the human skeleton, known for their complex shapes and specific functions?

<p>Vertebrae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the xylem in a dicotyledonous plant stem?

<p>Transporting water and minerals up the plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a dicotyledonous plant stem provides support and transportation of nutrients?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cambium in secondary growth of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Facilitating the production of new wood and bark (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a dicotyledonous plant stem becomes dense and provides structural support as new layers are added?

<p>Xylem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the root system in a plant related to reproduction?

<p>Generation of new plants through modified roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tap root systems in dicotyledonous plants tend to be deep and sturdy?

<p>To provide stability and support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root system is characterized by a mat-like structure in monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Fibrous root system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plant roots?

<p>Providing mechanical support and strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key role do collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues play in root structures?

<p>Mechanical support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, where are nutrients and water transported by roots primarily sent to?

<p>Vascular bundles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water primarily move through the stele of a plant root?

<p>Apoplast pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Cork Cambium in perennial plants?

<p>Developing cork cells for bark (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism ensures all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane at the endodermis to reach the vascular cylinder or stele?

<p>Symplast pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the Pericycle in a plant stem?

<p>Strengthening the stem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical layer of the root does active transport of mineral salts occur?

<p>Endodermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Vascular Cambium in plant stems?

<p>Producing new cells for growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant structure is primarily involved in secondary growth to produce annual rings?

<p>Cork Cambium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Root Hairs in the absorption of water and minerals?

<p>Increasing surface area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer in the stem primarily stores nutrients and is involved in passive transport?

<p>Cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vital function of the Stomata in a plant leaf?

<p>Facilitating gaseous exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of the endodermis in a dicotyledonous plant root?

<p>Regulating water flow to the xylem and phloem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in dicotyledonous stems is critical for providing structural support and resilience?

<p>Collenchyma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plant function is primarily supported by the essential role of the xylem and phloem?

<p>Nutrient Distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous roots, which layer follows the epidermis and provides shape, protection, and strength?

<p>Exodermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function served by the stems in plants?

<p>Transportation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant category typically features woody tissue and multiple stems growing from the base?

<p>Shrubs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is driven by transpirational pull in plants?

<p>Nutrient distribution from leaves to roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguishing dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant stems involves differences mainly in which aspect of their anatomy?

<p>Seed leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized part of the dicotyledonous root contributes significantly to the structural integrity of the plant?

<p>Pericycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillary action in facilitating the transpirational pull in plants?

<p>Driving upward water movement from roots to leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tendons in the human body?

<p>Attaching muscles to bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ligaments necessary in joints?

<p>To prevent excessive movements and injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antagonistic muscles during movement?

<p>To control bending and extending of joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do synovial joints contribute to smooth movement?

<p>By filling cavities with fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myofibrils in muscle tissue?

<p>Responsible for muscle contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fascicles essential in the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscles?

<p>To group muscle fibers together for more coordinated actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In muscle contraction, what is the role of actin filaments?

<p>Sliding over myosin filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cartilage's function from tendons and ligaments?

<p>Reducing friction between bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure ensures the coordinated action of antagonistic muscles?

<p>Myofibrils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the connection between bones within joints?

<p>Ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Connect muscles to bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cartilage is true?

<p>Gradually ossifies into bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes synovial joints from fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

<p>Contain synovial fluid to reduce friction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are bones critical for locomotion?

<p>Facilitate support and bear weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues do ligaments connect in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Connect bones to other bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of antagonistic muscles in controlling movement?

<p>Control movement by contracting and relaxing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bones distribute mechanical loads efficiently to prevent stress concentration?

<p>Have significant resistance to deformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element provides hardness and flexibility to bones?

<p>Mineral salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do synovial joints prevent friction during movement?

<p>Secrete synovial fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ligaments from tendons based on their function?

<p>Connect bones to other bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endodermis in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Regulate the controlled entry of water into the vascular cylinder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in dicotyledonous roots significantly increases the surface area for water and nutrient absorption?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous roots, why does the cortex lack a waterproof cuticle?

<p>To facilitate the movement of water towards the inner layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pericycle in the root system of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Generate lateral roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer in the dicotyledonous root is composed mainly of parenchyma cells?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of the taproot system in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Primary root developing from the radicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrostatic skeletons from exoskeletons in organisms?

<p>Lack of Rigid Support and Protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are known to possess hydrostatic skeletons?

<p>Jellyfish, Earthworms, and Starfish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage associated with exoskeletons when it comes to growth?

<p>Growth Limitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific environmental condition must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons live in?

<p>Aquatic or Moist Environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of energy requirements, what characterizes hydrostatic skeletons compared to exoskeletons?

<p>Energy Efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature limits the size and mobility of organisms with exoskeletons?

<p>Weight Constraints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage associated with hydrostatic skeletons in terrestrial organisms?

<p>Requirement of Moist Environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is significantly challenging for organisms with hydrostatic skeletons in comparison to exoskeletons?

<p>Mobility on Land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage of exoskeletons facilitates specialized feeding and defense mechanisms?

<p>Diversity in Physical Adaptations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the movement of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons challenging on land?

<p>Lack of Rigid Support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type provides mechanical support and strength in roots?

<p>Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are trichomes and stomata primarily located in the stem's structure?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the formation of secondary vascular tissues during plant growth?

<p>Pericycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of dicotyledonous roots follows the epidermis and provides shape, protection, and strength?

<p>Collenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the formation of wood in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Xylem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can cambium predominantly be found in a dicotyledonous plant stem?

<p>Vascular Bundles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of roots in transporting substances across the plant?

<p>Nutrient Uptake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of a plant embryo does the radicle originate during germination?

<p>Hypocotyl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is characterized by lateral roots growing from a main tap root?

<p>Tap Root System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stem's structure serves as the protective outer layer with a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cork cambium in plants undergoing secondary growth?

<p>Facilitating bark formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of water uptake in plants, which process primarily contributes to mineral absorption actively?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialized structure ensures water and dissolved substances pass through a cell membrane at the endodermis to reach the vascular cylinder?

<p>Casparian strip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway allows water to move across cell walls and intercellular spaces without crossing cell membranes in a plant's root system?

<p>Apoplast pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to root pressure, pushing water up through the xylem towards the leaves in plants?

<p>Osmosis generating pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of root hairs in a plant's root system?

<p>Absorption of minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue regulates water and nutrient movement into the vascular bundles in plants?

<p>Endodermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential function do endoskeletons provide in vertebrates?

<p>Facilitates growth without molting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central role of the Exodermis in the internal structure of dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Providing structural support and strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a disadvantage of endoskeletons as mentioned in the text?

<p>Offers less protection compared to exoskeletons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericycle in plant anatomy?

<p>Stem strengthening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do flat bones in the human skeleton primarily contribute to the body's structure?

<p>Provide protection for internal organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Pericycle contribute to the functional integrity of the dicotyledonous root?

<p>Encircling the stele for structural integrity and lateral root growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transportation process in plants is essential for moving water and minerals from the roots to the leaves?

<p>Translocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plant adaptation, what is the main function of cuticle on plant surfaces?

<p>Minimizing water loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Vines from Trees in the classification of plant growth forms?

<p>Height and presence of woody stems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column in humans?

<p>Supports the spinal cord and bears body weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are primarily responsible for providing stability and support with slight movements?

<p>Short bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Phloem tissues contribute to plant survival and growth?

<p>Transport organic nutrients downward from leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process contributes significantly to the upward movement of water and nutrients in plants?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial role of the axial skeleton in the human body?

<p>Protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human skeleton is essential for interaction with the environment and movement?

<p>Appendicular skeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, where does the stem originate from during growth?

<p>Epicotyl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones in the human skeleton function primarily as levers for large movements?

<p>Long bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Epidermis layer of dicotyledonous stems crucial for plant survival?

<p>Provides protection and prevents water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Cambium support the growth and development of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Produces new xylem and phloem tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category of bones is responsible for providing protection to internal organs in the human body?

<p>Flat bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are critical for providing support to the lower limbs in humans?

<p>Pelvic girdle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between Herbs and Shrubs in plant classification based on stem characteristics?

<p>Height and structural development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues contribute to the strength and support of dicotyledonous stems?

<p>Offer structural integrity and resilience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ligaments in joints?

<p>Provide stability to prevent excessive joint movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue converts the contraction of muscles into the movement of bones?

<p>Tendons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epimysium regarding muscle structure?

<p>Enclosing multiple fascicles to form a muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antagonistic muscles in moving bones at joints?

<p>Work in opposition to each other creating movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue is known for being semi-transparent and gradually ossified into bone during growth?

<p>Cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue serves as a cushion in joints and helps distribute loads evenly across the joint?

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments during muscle contraction?

<p>Shortening of the sarcomere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which musculoskeletal tissue is primarily composed of collagen fibers and mineral salts such as calcium and phosphates?

<p>Bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue attaches bones to other bones within joints?

<p>Ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of synovial fluid in the context of musculoskeletal function?

<p>Reducing friction in synovial joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes ligaments from tendons in their respective functions?

<p>Tendons connect bones to other bones, while ligaments connect muscles to bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscles?

<p>Myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what happens during ossification?

<p>Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled in performing various actions like running and walking?

<p>Striated muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for no movement, serving as an example of joints in the skull bones?

<p>Fibrous joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the perimysium surround within skeletal muscles?

<p>Fascicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between fibrous joints and synovial joints in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Synovial joints allow for no movement, while fibrous joints enable free movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to movement in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Connecting muscles to bones for force transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antagonistic muscles in controlling movement?

<p>Operating in pairs to control joint movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are joints crucial in the context of locomotion and skeletal stability?

<p>Enable movement and stability in the skeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Casparian strip in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Prevents uncontrolled water absorption into the inner layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of a dicotyledonous root features structures that significantly increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, the cortex primarily functions in:

<p>Storing nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the taproot system of dicotyledonous plants from fibrous root systems?

<p>Secondary roots that develop from radicle during germination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the root system gives rise to lateral roots in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Pericycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As compared to monocotyledonous plants, what is a distinguishing feature of the root system in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Development of primary root from the radicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in the stem provides mechanical support and strength?

<p>Collenchyma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the part of the plant embryo that leads to the development of different types of root systems?

<p>Radicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary function do roots NOT serve in plants?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is typically observed in monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Fibrous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cylinder in the stem's structure facilitates secondary growth?

<p>Pericycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily contributes to the formation of heartwood in plants?

<p>Cambium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of phloem layers in a plant's bark?

<p>Nutrient transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, where is the xylem located within the stem's vascular bundles?

<p>Inner side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialized roots of plants can reproduce and generate new plants?

<p>Modified roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant aids in the translocation of water and nutrients to stems and leaves?

<p>Vascular bundles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endodermis in a dicotyledonous plant root?

<p>Regulation of water and nutrient movement into the vascular bundles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what is the primary role of the pericycle?

<p>Strengthen the stem and protect vascular tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific feature of xylem in plant transport systems?

<p>Moves water and minerals up from the roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process contributes to the radial growth of stems in plants?

<p>Vascular cambium activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for gaseous exchange and water vapor exit in plants?

<p>Stomata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of hydrostatic skeletons in organisms like jellyfish and starfish?

<p>Energy-efficient movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway allows water to move along cell walls and intercellular spaces in roots?

<p>Apoplast pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor limits the size and mobility of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons on land?

<p>Lack of rigid support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of root hairs in plants?

<p>Absorb water and minerals from the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do annual rings in woody stems help indicate about a plant?

<p>Its age and environmental conditions during growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the exoskeleton serve that contributes to specialized feeding and defense mechanisms in arthropods?

<p>Allows for diverse physical adaptations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is moulting necessary for organisms with exoskeletons?

<p>To accommodate growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is vital for translocating water from roots to leaves in plants?

<p>Xylem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables water to enter and exit root cells in plants?

<p>Transmembrane pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect do hydrostatic skeletons differ significantly from exoskeletons?

<p>Structural support nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does an exoskeleton offer in terms of muscle attachment for movement?

<p>Serves as a leverage point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the lack of rigid support a disadvantage for hydrostatic skeletons compared to exoskeletons?

<p>Restricts size and mobility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation caused by the weight of larger exoskeletons in organisms?

<p>Limits agility and size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of hydrostatic skeletons helps organisms adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

<p>Flexibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do organisms with hydrostatic skeletons need to reside in moist or aquatic environments?

<p>Prevent drying out due to lack of rigid support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endodermis in a dicotyledonous plant root?

<p>Regulate water flow to xylem and phloem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what is the function of the pericycle?

<p>Contribute to lateral root growth and structural integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates dicotyledonous plants from monocotyledonous plants in terms of stem growth initiation?

<p>Dicots commence growth from the plumule while monocots begin with the coleorhiza (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is responsible for the efficient distribution of nutrients and water in plant stems?

<p>Xylem and phloem located in the vascular bundles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cambium in dicotyledonous plant stems?

<p>Produce new xylem and phloem tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic feature of stems distinguishes dicotyledonous plants from monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Presence of cotyledons in dicot stems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the exodermis in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Provide shape, protection, and strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plant roots, where is the Casparian strip located, and what is its function?

<p>In the endodermis to regulate water flow to transport tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cohesive and adhesive properties of water in facilitating the transpirational pull in plants?

<p>Supporting upward movement of water and nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does capillary action influence the process of transpiration in plants?

<p>Facilitates the upward movement of water from the roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do endoskeletons provide that exoskeletons do not?

<p>Growth Accommodation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones in the human skeleton is primarily responsible for providing protection to internal organs?

<p>Flat Bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the human skeleton is crucial for movement and interaction with the environment?

<p>Appendicular Skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bone primarily forms the structure of the face and protects the brain in the human skeleton?

<p>Skull (Cranium and Mandible) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the vertebral column in humans?

<p>Blood Production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic section of the human vertebral column?

<p>Twelve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human skeleton bears the weight of the body and provides structural integrity?

<p>Axial Skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lumbar vertebrae in the human vertebral column?

<p>Support the body's weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone category includes structures like the carpals in the wrists and tarsals in the ankles?

<p>Short Bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key function do flat bones like the scapula serve in the human skeleton?

<p>Provide protection and muscle attachment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cartilage from other tissues in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>It does not contain nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows no movement between bones?

<p>Fibrous joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between biceps and triceps muscles?

<p>They function to bend the arm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons and ligaments differ in their function within the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Tendons provide joint stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Haversian canals serve in bone structure?

<p>To facilitate nutrient transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is gradually ossified into bone during growth and development?

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of synovial joints compared to fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

<p>They contain synovial fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are bones characterized as having significant resistance to deformation under stress?

<p>Presence of collagen fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments within the musculoskeletal system?

<p>To provide joint stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antagonistic muscles contribute to controlled movement within the body?

<p>By contracting and relaxing together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments within joints?

<p>Prevent dislocations by providing stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue connects muscles to bones and converts muscle contractions into bone movement?

<p>Tendons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do antagonistic muscles play in bone movement at joints?

<p>Facilitate muscle relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component acts as the joint capsule, connecting and protecting bones within a joint?

<p>Cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sarcomeres within muscle fibers?

<p>Responsible for muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical process in muscle contraction provides the energy for sarcomere shortening?

<p>Cellular respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled for actions like running and walking?

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes actin filaments from myosin filaments in muscle contraction?

<p>Actin filaments shorten during contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a muscle cell gives it a characteristic striped appearance?

<p>Myofibrils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structural order from muscle fiber to muscle?

<p>Myofibrils, Fascicles, Muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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