Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of gums extracted from plants?
What is a characteristic feature of gums extracted from plants?
- They are formed from proteins.
- They are insoluble in water.
- They have a high alcohol solubility.
- They are a viscous secretion that hardens on drying. (correct)
Which type of tannins gives a bluish-black color when reacted with FeCl3?
Which type of tannins gives a bluish-black color when reacted with FeCl3?
- Hydrolysable tannins (correct)
- Condensed tannins
- Polyphenolic tannins
- Phenolic acids
What is one of the therapeutic uses of tannins?
What is one of the therapeutic uses of tannins?
- Astringent in gastrointestinal treatment (correct)
- Antiseptic in wound care
- Stimulant for respiratory issues
- Diuretic for kidney health
Which of the following statements about mucilages is accurate?
Which of the following statements about mucilages is accurate?
What is a common test used to identify mucilages?
What is a common test used to identify mucilages?
Which of the following best describes volatile oils?
Which of the following best describes volatile oils?
Condensed tannins can yield which of the following upon decomposition?
Condensed tannins can yield which of the following upon decomposition?
What is one of the economic importance of tannins?
What is one of the economic importance of tannins?
What is a characteristic feature of volatile oils compared to fixed oils concerning their chemical composition?
What is a characteristic feature of volatile oils compared to fixed oils concerning their chemical composition?
How do volatile oils typically behave when exposed to air and light during storage?
How do volatile oils typically behave when exposed to air and light during storage?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the detection method for both volatile and fixed oils?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the detection method for both volatile and fixed oils?
What happens when a filter paper is stained with volatile oil compared to fixed oil?
What happens when a filter paper is stained with volatile oil compared to fixed oil?
Which of the following is NOT a use of volatile oils?
Which of the following is NOT a use of volatile oils?
Which best describes the occurrence of volatile oils?
Which best describes the occurrence of volatile oils?
In terms of soap formation, which statement is true?
In terms of soap formation, which statement is true?
What is the primary reason for the difference in volatility between volatile oils and fixed oils?
What is the primary reason for the difference in volatility between volatile oils and fixed oils?
What are primary metabolites primarily associated with?
What are primary metabolites primarily associated with?
Which test is used to identify the presence of starch?
Which test is used to identify the presence of starch?
Which of the following is classified as a secondary metabolite?
Which of the following is classified as a secondary metabolite?
Where is protein primarily found in plants?
Where is protein primarily found in plants?
Which of these is NOT a use of fixed oils and fats?
Which of these is NOT a use of fixed oils and fats?
What are fixed oils and fats primarily composed of?
What are fixed oils and fats primarily composed of?
Which of the following compounds produces a red color with Sudan III?
Which of the following compounds produces a red color with Sudan III?
Which of the following statements about primary metabolites is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about primary metabolites is FALSE?
Flashcards
Starch
Starch
A primary metabolite; a polysaccharide found in plant storage organs.
Primary Metabolites
Primary Metabolites
Food storage products found in all plants with nutritional value.
Starch Chemical Test
Starch Chemical Test
Turns blue with iodine.
Proteins
Proteins
Signup and view all the flashcards
Protein Chemical Test
Protein Chemical Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fixed Oils/Fats
Fixed Oils/Fats
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fixed Oils/Fats Chemical Test
Fixed Oils/Fats Chemical Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Secondary Metabolites
Secondary Metabolites
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gums
Gums
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mucilages
Mucilages
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tannins
Tannins
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hydrolysable Tannins
Hydrolysable Tannins
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hydrolysable Tannins Test (1)
Hydrolysable Tannins Test (1)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hydrolysable Tannins Test (2)
Hydrolysable Tannins Test (2)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Condensed Tannins
Condensed Tannins
Signup and view all the flashcards
Condensed Tannins Test
Condensed Tannins Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Oils
Volatile Oils
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Oils Test
Volatile Oils Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Oils Use
Volatile Oils Use
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Oil vs. Fixed Oil
Volatile Oil vs. Fixed Oil
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fixed Oil Chemical Composition
Fixed Oil Chemical Composition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Oil Chemical Composition
Volatile Oil Chemical Composition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Chemistry of Crude Drugs
- Primary Metabolites (food storage products) are found in all plants with nutritional value
- Examples include:
- Starch
- Found as granules in storage organs like seeds, roots, and rhizomes
- Chemical Test: Gives a blue color with iodine
- Uses: Tablet formulation, skin emollient, dusting powder in cosmetics, antidote for iodine poisoning
- Proteins
- Found as aleurone grains in seeds
- Chemical Test:
- Red color with Millon's reagent
- Yellow color with picric acid
- Fixed oils and fats
- Found as crystalline masses or oil drops in seeds
- Chemical Test: Gives a red color with Sudan III
- Uses: Nutritive, intramuscular injections, soaps, plasters, laxatives, demulcents, and emollients.
- Starch
- Examples include:
- Secondary Metabolites (by-products of metabolism) have specific functions with pharmacological importance.
- Examples include:
- Gums and Mucilages
- Gums: Viscous secretions of trees that harden on drying, soluble in water
- Examples: Gum acacia
- Mucilages: Polysaccharide complexes that are insoluble in alcohol creating viscous colloids in water
- Test: Ruthenium red (senna) or methylene blue (fenugreek)
- Gums: Viscous secretions of trees that harden on drying, soluble in water
- Tannins
- Water-soluble polyphenolic compounds with high molecular weight found throughout the plant kingdom
- Types:
- Hydrolysable tannins (pyrogallol tannins)
- Test:
- Blue-black color with FeCl3
- No precipitate with bromine water
- On heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids it yields gallic or ellagic acids producing carbohydrates and phenolic acids
- Examples: Cloves
- Test:
- Condensed tannins (catechol tannins)
- Test:
- Green color with FeCl3
- Precipitates with bromine water
- Decomposes into red, insoluble phlobaphene giving red color to the drugs
- Examples: Cinnamon, tea
- Test:
- Hydrolysable tannins (pyrogallol tannins)
- Uses:
- Astringent in the gastrointestinal tract (treatment of diarrhea)
- Antioxidant (anti-cancer, anti-ulcer)
- Hemostatic on skin cuts
- Manufacture of dyes and ink
- Tanning of leather
- Volatile oils (essential or ethereal oils)
- Odoriferous principles in plants consisting of volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons
- Secreted through cells, glands, ducts, and hairs
- Test: Gives a red color with Sudan III
- Uses: Flavoring agents, perfumery, spices, carminative, therapeutic (urinary tract antiseptic, anti-rheumatic)
- Gums and Mucilages
- Examples include:
Volatile Oil vs. Fixed Oil
- Property: | Volatile Oil | Fixed Oil
- Chemical Composition: | Different hydrocarbons & oxygenated compounds | Glyceryl esters of fatty acids
- Occurrence: | Odoriferous plant structures like cells, cavities, glandular hairs | Seed and fruit as reserve food material
- Detection: | Red color with Sudan III | Red color with Sudan III
- Filter Paper Stain: | No persistent stain | Persistent and greasy stain
- Volatilization: | Volatile | Non-volatile
- Storage Action: | Resinification | Rancidity
- Soap Formation: | Negative | Positive
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the chemistry of primary and secondary metabolites found in crude drugs. Learn about substances like starch, proteins, and fixed oils, along with their uses and chemical tests. This quiz covers essential concepts for understanding the chemical basis of plant materials.
