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What type of property depends on the amount of matter?
What type of property depends on the amount of matter?
Chemical changes result in the original substance still existing.
Chemical changes result in the original substance still existing.
False
What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?
What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?
100
The temperature conversion from Celsius to Kelvin is K = C + ______.
The temperature conversion from Celsius to Kelvin is K = C + ______.
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Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?
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The Kelvin scale includes a degree symbol.
The Kelvin scale includes a degree symbol.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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If the temperature is 28°C, what is the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit?
If the temperature is 28°C, what is the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit?
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What is the primary focus of chemistry?
What is the primary focus of chemistry?
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Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
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Name one example of a compound.
Name one example of a compound.
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A ________ mixture has a uniform composition throughout.
A ________ mixture has a uniform composition throughout.
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Match the following states of matter with their properties:
Match the following states of matter with their properties:
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Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
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Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
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What is a physical property?
What is a physical property?
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Matter is anything that has ________ and occupies ________.
Matter is anything that has ________ and occupies ________.
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Which of the following best describes a compound?
Which of the following best describes a compound?
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Which formula correctly represents the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures?
Which formula correctly represents the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures?
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The volume of 1 liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters.
The volume of 1 liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters.
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What is the formula for calculating density?
What is the formula for calculating density?
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The density of copper wire is _____ g/cm³.
The density of copper wire is _____ g/cm³.
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Match the type of number to its description:
Match the type of number to its description:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a significant figure?
Which of the following is NOT considered a significant figure?
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Zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are significant.
Zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are significant.
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Calculate the volume in cm³ of a piece of copper with a mass of 4.28 g and a density of 8.96 g/cm³.
Calculate the volume in cm³ of a piece of copper with a mass of 4.28 g and a density of 8.96 g/cm³.
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How many significant figures are in the number 250.00 mL?
How many significant figures are in the number 250.00 mL?
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The result of adding 102.50 and 0.231 can have more than two decimal places.
The result of adding 102.50 and 0.231 can have more than two decimal places.
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What is the final result when multiplying 1.4 by 8.011 and rounding to the correct number of significant figures?
What is the final result when multiplying 1.4 by 8.011 and rounding to the correct number of significant figures?
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An exact number, such as the number of pennies, can result in an answer with __________ significant figures.
An exact number, such as the number of pennies, can result in an answer with __________ significant figures.
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Match the following operations with their significant figure rules:
Match the following operations with their significant figure rules:
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What is the rounded result of adding 105.5 L and 10.65 L to the tenth position?
What is the rounded result of adding 105.5 L and 10.65 L to the tenth position?
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Precision refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.
Precision refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.
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What is the true mass given for the measurements?
What is the true mass given for the measurements?
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A __________ factor is a fraction in which the same quantity is expressed one way in the numerator and another way in the denominator.
A __________ factor is a fraction in which the same quantity is expressed one way in the numerator and another way in the denominator.
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Which student’s measurements are both precise and accurate?
Which student’s measurements are both precise and accurate?
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Dimensional analysis can also be called the 'factor-label method'.
Dimensional analysis can also be called the 'factor-label method'.
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Match the students with their measurement accuracy and precision:
Match the students with their measurement accuracy and precision:
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The result of multiplying 1.0267 cm, 2.508 cm, and 12.599 cm and rounding to the smallest number of significant figures is __________.
The result of multiplying 1.0267 cm, 2.508 cm, and 12.599 cm and rounding to the smallest number of significant figures is __________.
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Study Notes
The Study of Chemistry
- Chemistry is the study of all aspects of matter and the changes it undergoes.
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Classification of Matter
- Matter can be classified as a substance or a mixture of substances.
- A substance has a definite composition and distinct properties and can either be an element or a compound.
- An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. For example, iron, mercury, oxygen, and hydrogen.
- A compound is formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in definite ratios. For example, salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
- A mixture is formed when two or more substances are physically combined. They retain distinct identities and can be separated by physical means. For example, sugar and iron, or sugar and water.
- Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout. For example, sugar dissolved in water.
- A heterogeneous mixture is non-uniform throughout. For example, sugar mixed with iron filings.
Properties of Matter
- Properties can be qualitative or quantitative.
- Qualitative properties are expressed using descriptions.
- Quantitative properties are expressed using numbers.
- Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing the substance. For example, color, melting point, and states of matter.
- Physical changes do not change the identity of the substance. For example, melting and freezing.
- Chemical properties can be determined by the chemical changes that are observed. For example, flammability, acidity, corrosiveness, and reactivity.
- Chemical changes result in the original substance no longer existing. For example, combustion and digestion.
- Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter. For example, mass and length.
- Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter. For example, density, temperature, and color.
States of Matter
- Solids have particles close together in an orderly fashion with little freedom of movement. Solids maintain their shape.
- Liquids have particles close together but not held rigidly in position. Liquids can flow and take the shape of the container they fill.
- Gases have particles randomly spread apart with complete freedom of movement. Gases assume the shape and volume of the container they fill.
- States of matter can be inter-converted. Adding heat: solid to liquid to gas. Removing heat: gas to liquid to solid.
Scientific Measurement
- Measurements are used to determine quantitative properties of matter.
- The International System of Units (SI) is the standard system of units used for scientific measurement based on seven base units.
- Prefixes are used to indicate multiples or fractions of the base units.
Mass, Temperature, and Volume
- Mass is a measure of the amount of matter, while weight refers to the force of gravity.
- Temperature can be measured using Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit.
- Kelvin is the absolute scale.
- Fahrenheit is the English system.
- Volume is often measured in liters (L) in the laboratory setting.
Density
- Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
- The formula for density is density = mass / volume.
- Density is typically expressed in g/mL or g/L for gases.
Uncertainty in Measurement
- Exact numbers have defined values. For example, counting numbers or conversion factors.
- Inexact numbers are obtained through measurement and have some uncertainty.
- Significant figures are used to express the uncertainty of inexact numbers.
- The last digit in a measured value is an uncertain digit, an estimate.
Guidelines for Significant Figures
- Any non-zero digit is significant.
- Zeros between non-zero digits are significant.
- Zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are not significant.
- Zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit are significant if a decimal is present.
- Zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit are not significant if a decimal is not present.
Calculations with Measured Numbers
- For addition and subtraction, the answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal than the original numbers with the fewest digits to the right of the decimal.
- For multiplication and division, the final answer contains the smallest number of significant figures from the original numbers.
- Exact numbers do not limit the number of significant figures in the result.
- In multi-step calculations, it's best to retain at least one extra digit until the end to minimize rounding error.
- Round up if the digit to be dropped is 5 or greater.
- Round down if the digit to be dropped is less than 5.
Accuracy and Precision
- Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the "true" or accepted value.
- Precision refers to how close a set of measurements of the same thing are to each other.
Using Units and Solving Problems
- Conversion factors are fractions where the same quantity is expressed differently in the numerator and denominator.
- Dimensional analysis is a problem-solving method using conversion factors to change one measure to another, often called the "factor-label method."
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Description
This quiz explores the basics of chemistry, focusing on the study of matter and its classifications as substances or mixtures. Learn about elements, compounds, and the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures through various examples.
