96 Questions
What is a characteristic that distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from hydrocarbons and ethers?
They have a higher boiling point
What should be the suffix of an aldehyde in its IUPAC name?
-al
Why does the aldehyde group have priority over other functional groups?
Because it has the highest priority according to IUPAC rules
What is the correct numbering for the parent chain in the IUPAC name of an aldehyde?
Starting from the end with the aldehyde group
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aldehydes and ketones?
They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds
What is the correct suffix for a cyclic aldehyde?
-carbaldehyde
What is the correct IUPAC name for the molecule shown: 2 3 4 Parent chain – 5 carbons = pentane Change suffix – pentanal?
2-methylpentanal
What is the primary reason why aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonding with each other?
The carbonyl group is polar
What is a characteristic of the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?
They have weak intermolecular dipole-dipole forces
What is the primary function of the IUPAC system in naming aldehydes and ketones?
To provide a standardized naming system
What is the purpose of Tollen's test and Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?
To identify the presence of certain functional groups
What is the result of the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols?
The formation of aldehydes or ketones
What is a characteristic of the reactions of aldehydes or ketones?
They undergo both oxidation and reduction reactions
What is the primary difference between the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?
There is no difference
What is the primary means of preparing aldehydes and ketones?
Oxidation of the corresponding alcohol
What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?
An aldehyde
Which of the following reagents is commonly used for the oxidation of alcohols?
PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate)
What is the product of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
A ketone
What is the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?
It is oxidized to a carboxylic acid
Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo oxidation?
Tertiary alcohol
What is the product of the reduction of a ketone?
A secondary alcohol
What is the characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?
Their easy oxidation to carboxylic acids
What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To reduce the silver ion to silver metal
Which of the following is a characteristic of Benedict's Test?
It reacts with aldehydes, but not with ketones
What is the reducing agent used in the classical reaction of reduction of aldehydes and ketones?
Hydrogen gas
What is the product of the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?
Alcohols
What is the purpose of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones?
To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and hydrogen gas
Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?
Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test
What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?
Tautomerism
Which form of a carbonyl compound is usually more stable?
Keto form
What type of hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound are acidic?
Alpha hydrogens
Why is the enol form of phenol more stable than its keto form?
Due to resonance stabilization
What is the reason for the lack of keto-enol tautomerism in some carbonyl compounds?
The absence of alpha hydrogens
What is the characteristic of the enol form of acetaldehyde?
It has a C=C double bond
Why do most simple aldehydes and ketones exist mainly in the keto form?
Due to the stability of the keto form
What is formed when a carbonyl compound undergoes keto-enol tautomerism?
A mixture of keto and enol forms
What is the name of the compound that exists in both keto and enol forms?
Phenol
What is required for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?
The presence of alpha hydrogens
What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?
The silver metal precipitates and coats the container
What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To reduce the silver ion to silver metal
What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?
Tollen's Test uses a basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+, while Benedict's Test uses a buffered aqueous solution of Cu(OH)2
What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's Test?
Blue
What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's Test?
Cu2O
What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?
To detect the presence of an aldehyde functional group
What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To complex with the aldehyde, producing a silver mirror
How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?
Aldehydes produce a silver mirror, while ketones do not
What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?
The formation of a silver mirror on the inner surface of the test tube
How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?
Tollen's test detects reducing sugars, while Benedict's test detects non-reducing sugars
What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?
To detect the presence of aldehydes
What type of compounds are commonly detected using Tollen's test?
Aldehydes
What is the reagent used in Tollen's test?
Basic silver ammonia solution
What is the visual observation of a positive Tollen's test?
Formation of a silver mirror
What is the purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?
To detect the presence of an aldehyde group
Which of the following compounds would NOT give a positive Tollen's test?
Benzophenone
What is the result of the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?
Formation of a carboxylic acid
Which of the following is a characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?
They are highly reactive
What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To detect the presence of an aldehyde group
What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?
An aldehyde
What is the primary function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To form a silver mirror
What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?
Formation of a silver mirror
What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?
Tautomerism
Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?
Tollen's Test
What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?
Tollen's Test uses silver ions, while Benedict's Test uses copper ions
What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To complex with the aldehyde
What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?
A precipitate forms
What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?
To detect the presence of aldehydes
How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?
Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones do not
What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?
A precipitate forms
What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?
To differentiate between aldehydes and ketones
What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?
Formation of a silver mirror
What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?
To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and the silver ion
How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?
Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones give a negative test
What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?
A silver mirror forms
What is the primary difference between Tollen's test and Benedict's test?
Tollen's test uses a silver ion, while Benedict's test uses a copper(II) ion
What is the purpose of Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?
To test the reducing properties of aldehydes
What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's test?
A copper(I) oxide precipitate
What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's test?
Blue
How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?
Tollen's test is more specific for aldehydes, while Benedict's test is more general for reducing sugars
What is the product of the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?
A hemiacetal
What is the reaction that occurs when the –OH group of the hemiacetal is exchanged for another –OR group from the alcohol?
Substitution reaction
What is the general structure of a hemiacetal/ketal?
R(R')C(OH)OR''
What is the catalyst required for the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?
Catalytic acid
What is the product formed when a hemiacetal undergoes a substitution reaction with an alcohol?
An acetal
Which of the following is a requirement for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?
The presence of an alpha-hydrogen atom
What is the primary reason for the stability of the enol form of phenol?
Aromaticity and resonance
What is the reversible reaction that occurs between hemiacetal and acetal?
Hemiacetal-acetal formation
What is the general trend in the stability of keto and enol forms of simple aldehydes and ketones?
Keto forms are more stable
What is the result of keto-enol tautomerism in a carbonyl compound?
The formation of an enol and a keto form
Why do some carbonyl compounds not undergo keto-enol tautomerism?
They lack an alpha-hydrogen atom
What is the characteristic of the alpha-hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound?
They are highly acidic
What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?
A hemiacetal and water
What is the reactant that is oxidized to form a ketone?
A secondary alcohol
What is the reagent used to oxidize a secondary alcohol to a ketone?
All of the above
What is the product of the reduction of an aldehyde?
A primary alcohol
What is the characteristic of the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol?
It does not oxidize
What is the purpose of the oxidizing agent in the preparation of aldehydes and ketones?
To oxidize the alcohol
This quiz covers the IUPAC naming of aldehydes and ketones, their physical properties, and their preparation and reactions involving oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols.
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