Chemistry for Health Sciences II: Aldehydes and Ketones

What is a characteristic that distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from hydrocarbons and ethers?

They have a higher boiling point (correct)
They are more soluble in water
They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds
They have a lower boiling point

What should be the suffix of an aldehyde in its IUPAC name?

-one
-al (correct)
-ene
-ol

Why does the aldehyde group have priority over other functional groups?

Because it is the easiest to identify
Because it is always found at the end of a chain
Because it is the most polar
Because it has the highest priority according to IUPAC rules (correct)

What is the correct numbering for the parent chain in the IUPAC name of an aldehyde?

Starting from the end with the aldehyde group (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aldehydes and ketones?

They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct suffix for a cyclic aldehyde?

-carbaldehyde (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the molecule shown: 2 3 4 Parent chain – 5 carbons = pentane Change suffix – pentanal?

2-methylpentanal (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonding with each other?

The carbonyl group is polar (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

They have weak intermolecular dipole-dipole forces (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the IUPAC system in naming aldehydes and ketones?

To provide a standardized naming system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tollen's test and Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

To identify the presence of certain functional groups (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols?

The formation of aldehydes or ketones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the reactions of aldehydes or ketones?

They undergo both oxidation and reduction reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

There is no difference (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of preparing aldehydes and ketones?

Oxidation of the corresponding alcohol (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

An aldehyde (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reagents is commonly used for the oxidation of alcohols?

PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

A ketone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

It is oxidized to a carboxylic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo oxidation?

Tertiary alcohol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reduction of a ketone?

A secondary alcohol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

Their easy oxidation to carboxylic acids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To reduce the silver ion to silver metal (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Benedict's Test?

It reacts with aldehydes, but not with ketones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reducing agent used in the classical reaction of reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

Hydrogen gas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

Alcohols (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones?

To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and hydrogen gas (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

Tautomerism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which form of a carbonyl compound is usually more stable?

Keto form (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound are acidic?

Alpha hydrogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the enol form of phenol more stable than its keto form?

Due to resonance stabilization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the lack of keto-enol tautomerism in some carbonyl compounds?

The absence of alpha hydrogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the enol form of acetaldehyde?

It has a C=C double bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do most simple aldehydes and ketones exist mainly in the keto form?

Due to the stability of the keto form (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a carbonyl compound undergoes keto-enol tautomerism?

A mixture of keto and enol forms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound that exists in both keto and enol forms?

Phenol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

The presence of alpha hydrogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

The silver metal precipitates and coats the container (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To reduce the silver ion to silver metal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

Tollen's Test uses a basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+, while Benedict's Test uses a buffered aqueous solution of Cu(OH)2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's Test?

Blue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's Test?

Cu2O (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

To detect the presence of an aldehyde functional group (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To complex with the aldehyde, producing a silver mirror (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes produce a silver mirror, while ketones do not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

The formation of a silver mirror on the inner surface of the test tube (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?

Tollen's test detects reducing sugars, while Benedict's test detects non-reducing sugars (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

To detect the presence of aldehydes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are commonly detected using Tollen's test?

Aldehydes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reagent used in Tollen's test?

Basic silver ammonia solution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual observation of a positive Tollen's test?

Formation of a silver mirror (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

To detect the presence of an aldehyde group (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds would NOT give a positive Tollen's test?

Benzophenone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

Formation of a carboxylic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

They are highly reactive (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To detect the presence of an aldehyde group (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

An aldehyde (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To form a silver mirror (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

Formation of a silver mirror (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

Tautomerism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

Tollen's Test (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

Tollen's Test uses silver ions, while Benedict's Test uses copper ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To complex with the aldehyde (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

A precipitate forms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

To detect the presence of aldehydes (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones do not (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

A precipitate forms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

To differentiate between aldehydes and ketones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

Formation of a silver mirror (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and the silver ion (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones give a negative test (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

A silver mirror forms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Tollen's test and Benedict's test?

Tollen's test uses a silver ion, while Benedict's test uses a copper(II) ion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

To test the reducing properties of aldehydes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's test?

A copper(I) oxide precipitate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's test?

Blue (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?

Tollen's test is more specific for aldehydes, while Benedict's test is more general for reducing sugars (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?

A hemiacetal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that occurs when the –OH group of the hemiacetal is exchanged for another –OR group from the alcohol?

Substitution reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of a hemiacetal/ketal?

R(R')C(OH)OR'' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the catalyst required for the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?

Catalytic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when a hemiacetal undergoes a substitution reaction with an alcohol?

An acetal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

The presence of an alpha-hydrogen atom (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the stability of the enol form of phenol?

Aromaticity and resonance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reversible reaction that occurs between hemiacetal and acetal?

Hemiacetal-acetal formation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in the stability of keto and enol forms of simple aldehydes and ketones?

Keto forms are more stable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of keto-enol tautomerism in a carbonyl compound?

The formation of an enol and a keto form (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do some carbonyl compounds not undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

They lack an alpha-hydrogen atom (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the alpha-hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound?

They are highly acidic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?

A hemiacetal and water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant that is oxidized to form a ketone?

A secondary alcohol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reagent used to oxidize a secondary alcohol to a ketone?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reduction of an aldehyde?

A primary alcohol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol?

It does not oxidize (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the oxidizing agent in the preparation of aldehydes and ketones?

To oxidize the alcohol (C) Signup and view all the answers

Chemistry for Health Sciences II: Aldehydes and Ketones

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from hydrocarbons and ethers?

What should be the suffix of an aldehyde in its IUPAC name?

Why does the aldehyde group have priority over other functional groups?

What is the correct numbering for the parent chain in the IUPAC name of an aldehyde?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the correct suffix for a cyclic aldehyde?

What is the correct IUPAC name for the molecule shown: 2 3 4 Parent chain – 5 carbons = pentane Change suffix – pentanal?

What is the primary reason why aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonding with each other?

What is a characteristic of the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the primary function of the IUPAC system in naming aldehydes and ketones?

What is the purpose of Tollen's test and Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the result of the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols?

What is a characteristic of the reactions of aldehydes or ketones?

What is the primary difference between the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the primary means of preparing aldehydes and ketones?

What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

Which of the following reagents is commonly used for the oxidation of alcohols?

What is the product of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

What is the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo oxidation?

What is the product of the reduction of a ketone?

What is the characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Benedict's Test?

What is the reducing agent used in the classical reaction of reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the product of the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the purpose of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones?

Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

Which form of a carbonyl compound is usually more stable?

What type of hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound are acidic?

Why is the enol form of phenol more stable than its keto form?

What is the reason for the lack of keto-enol tautomerism in some carbonyl compounds?

What is the characteristic of the enol form of acetaldehyde?

Why do most simple aldehydes and ketones exist mainly in the keto form?

What is formed when a carbonyl compound undergoes keto-enol tautomerism?

What is the name of the compound that exists in both keto and enol forms?

What is required for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's Test?

What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's Test?

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

What type of compounds are commonly detected using Tollen's test?

What is the reagent used in Tollen's test?

What is the visual observation of a positive Tollen's test?

What is the purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

Which of the following compounds would NOT give a positive Tollen's test?

What is the result of the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

Which of the following is a characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

What is the primary function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

What is the primary difference between Tollen's test and Benedict's test?

What is the purpose of Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's test?