Chemistry for Health Sciences II: Aldehydes and Ketones
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from hydrocarbons and ethers?

  • They have a higher boiling point (correct)
  • They are more soluble in water
  • They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds
  • They have a lower boiling point

    • What should be the suffix of an aldehyde in its IUPAC name?

  • -one
  • -al (correct)
  • -ene
  • -ol

    • Why does the aldehyde group have priority over other functional groups?

  • Because it is the easiest to identify
  • Because it is always found at the end of a chain
  • Because it is the most polar
  • Because it has the highest priority according to IUPAC rules (correct)

    • What is the correct numbering for the parent chain in the IUPAC name of an aldehyde?

    <p>Starting from the end with the aldehyde group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct suffix for a cyclic aldehyde?

    <p>-carbaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the molecule shown: 2 3 4 Parent chain – 5 carbons = pentane Change suffix – pentanal?

    <p>2-methylpentanal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonding with each other?

    <p>The carbonyl group is polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>They have weak intermolecular dipole-dipole forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the IUPAC system in naming aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To provide a standardized naming system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tollen's test and Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To identify the presence of certain functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols?

    <p>The formation of aldehydes or ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the reactions of aldehydes or ketones?

    <p>They undergo both oxidation and reduction reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>There is no difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of preparing aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Oxidation of the corresponding alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

    <p>An aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reagents is commonly used for the oxidation of alcohols?

    <p>PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

    <p>A ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

    <p>It is oxidized to a carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo oxidation?

    <p>Tertiary alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reduction of a ketone?

    <p>A secondary alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

    <p>Their easy oxidation to carboxylic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To reduce the silver ion to silver metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Benedict's Test?

    <p>It reacts with aldehydes, but not with ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reducing agent used in the classical reaction of reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

    <p>Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

    <p>Tautomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of a carbonyl compound is usually more stable?

    <p>Keto form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound are acidic?

    <p>Alpha hydrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the enol form of phenol more stable than its keto form?

    <p>Due to resonance stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the lack of keto-enol tautomerism in some carbonyl compounds?

    <p>The absence of alpha hydrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the enol form of acetaldehyde?

    <p>It has a C=C double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most simple aldehydes and ketones exist mainly in the keto form?

    <p>Due to the stability of the keto form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a carbonyl compound undergoes keto-enol tautomerism?

    <p>A mixture of keto and enol forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound that exists in both keto and enol forms?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

    <p>The presence of alpha hydrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

    <p>The silver metal precipitates and coats the container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To reduce the silver ion to silver metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

    <p>Tollen's Test uses a basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+, while Benedict's Test uses a buffered aqueous solution of Cu(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's Test?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's Test?

    <p>Cu2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

    <p>To detect the presence of an aldehyde functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To complex with the aldehyde, producing a silver mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Aldehydes produce a silver mirror, while ketones do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

    <p>The formation of a silver mirror on the inner surface of the test tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?

    <p>Tollen's test detects reducing sugars, while Benedict's test detects non-reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

    <p>To detect the presence of aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are commonly detected using Tollen's test?

    <p>Aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reagent used in Tollen's test?

    <p>Basic silver ammonia solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual observation of a positive Tollen's test?

    <p>Formation of a silver mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To detect the presence of an aldehyde group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds would NOT give a positive Tollen's test?

    <p>Benzophenone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction of an aldehyde with a strong oxidizing agent?

    <p>Formation of a carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of aldehydes that makes them difficult to prepare?

    <p>They are highly reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To detect the presence of an aldehyde group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

    <p>An aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To form a silver mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

    <p>Formation of a silver mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism occurs between keto and enol forms?

    <p>Tautomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a visual test for the aldehyde functional group?

    <p>Tollen's Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Tollen's Test and Benedict's Test?

    <p>Tollen's Test uses silver ions, while Benedict's Test uses copper ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To complex with the aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

    <p>A precipitate forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test?

    <p>To detect the presence of aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

    <p>A precipitate forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Tollen's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To differentiate between aldehydes and ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between an aldehyde and the silver ion in Tollen's Test?

    <p>Formation of a silver mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basic solution of Ag(NH3)2+ in Tollen's Test?

    <p>To facilitate the reaction between the aldehyde and the silver ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tollen's test differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Aldehydes give a positive test, while ketones give a negative test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected result of a positive Tollen's test?

    <p>A silver mirror forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Tollen's test and Benedict's test?

    <p>Tollen's test uses a silver ion, while Benedict's test uses a copper(II) ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Benedict's test in the context of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To test the reducing properties of aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and the Cu2+ solution in Benedict's test?

    <p>A copper(I) oxide precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the Cu2+ solution used in Benedict's test?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tollen's test compare to Benedict's test?

    <p>Tollen's test is more specific for aldehydes, while Benedict's test is more general for reducing sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>A hemiacetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that occurs when the –OH group of the hemiacetal is exchanged for another –OR group from the alcohol?

    <p>Substitution reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general structure of a hemiacetal/ketal?

    <p>R(R')C(OH)OR''</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the catalyst required for the addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Catalytic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when a hemiacetal undergoes a substitution reaction with an alcohol?

    <p>An acetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for a carbonyl compound to undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

    <p>The presence of an alpha-hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the stability of the enol form of phenol?

    <p>Aromaticity and resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversible reaction that occurs between hemiacetal and acetal?

    <p>Hemiacetal-acetal formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend in the stability of keto and enol forms of simple aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Keto forms are more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of keto-enol tautomerism in a carbonyl compound?

    <p>The formation of an enol and a keto form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some carbonyl compounds not undergo keto-enol tautomerism?

    <p>They lack an alpha-hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the alpha-hydrogen atoms in a carbonyl compound?

    <p>They are highly acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?

    <p>A hemiacetal and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant that is oxidized to form a ketone?

    <p>A secondary alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reagent used to oxidize a secondary alcohol to a ketone?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reduction of an aldehyde?

    <p>A primary alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol?

    <p>It does not oxidize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the oxidizing agent in the preparation of aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>To oxidize the alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

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