Practical Organic Chemistry-I: Aldehydes & Ketones

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following aldehydes is characterized by a pungent odor?

  • Benzaldehyde
  • Acetophenone
  • Acetaldehyde
  • Formaldehyde (correct)

What is the physical state of formaldehyde under standard conditions?

  • Gas
  • Solid
  • Viscous liquid
  • Liquid, mobile (correct)

Which compound is immiscible in water?

  • Acetaldehyde
  • Benzaldehyde (correct)
  • Formaldehyde
  • Acetophenone

What is the characteristic odor of benzaldehyde?

<p>Bitter almonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was soda lime not applied to formaldehyde?

<p>Formaldehyde does not react with soda lime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a clear yellow solution in the Iodoform Test?

<p>Presence of Formaldehyde (C), Presence of Benzaldehyde (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound emits a crimson red color in the Salicylic Acid Test?

<p>Formaldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected result for Acetaldehyde in the Sod.nitroprusside Test?

<p>Red Color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a yellow precipitate indicate in the Iodoform Test?

<p>Presence of Acetaldehyde or Acetophenone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation suggests that sodium carbonate might not be a strong acidic compound?

<p>No effervescence observed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following results indicates a negative test result for Acetaldehyde in the Salicylic Acid Test?

<p>No color change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure step for the Iodoform Test after adding I2 solution?

<p>Add 3 ml 10% NaOH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a negative result in the 30% NaOH Test?

<p>No observable change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aldehydes

Organic compounds containing a formyl group (-CHO) bonded to a carbon.

Formaldehyde

Simplest aldehyde, with the formula CHâ‚‚O; a pungent smelling, colorless gas.

Ketones

Organic compounds with a carbonyl group (-C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms.

Acetophenone

An aromatic ketone with a benzene ring and an acetyl group.

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Physical Characteristics of Aldehydes and Ketones

Physical properties such as color, odor, miscibility with water, and reaction with reagents like CuSO4 and base solutions vary depending on the specific compound.

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Iodoform Test

A chemical test used to detect the presence of aldehydes/ketones with a methyl group adjacent to a carbonyl group.

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Sod.nitroprusside Test

A chemical test used to distinguish between aldehydes/ketones and related substances with a specific functional group.

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Salicylic acid Test

A test to identify formaldehyde, a specific type of aldehyde,based on the crimson red color reaction.

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30% NaOH Test

Used specifically to test formaldehyde through a visual change in reaction.

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2-FeCl3

A chemical compound that does not produce specific identifiable observation.

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3-Na2CO3

A chemical compound that has no effervescence when subjected to testing.

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Element Test (N, S, X)

Used to check for the presence of specific elements in a compound.

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Positive Iodoform Test

The formation of a yellow precipitate when reacting with I2 and NaOH

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Study Notes

Practical Organic Chemistry-I (Aldehydes, Ketones)

  • Lab 5, Fall Semester 2024-2025

Laboratory Equipment

  • Test tubes, rack
  • Filter paper
  • Test tube clamps
  • Beaker with markings (graduated cylinder)

Chemicals

  • Formaldehyde
  • [316] Phenyl Acetaldehyde
  • Benzaldehyde
  • Acetophenone

Aldehydes and Ketones

  • Aldehydes have a formyl group at one end of the chain
  • Ketones have a carbonyl group within the chain
  • Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, and Acetophenone are examples
  • Aliphatic and Aromatic

Physical Characterization

Compound Condition Color Odor Miscibility with Water
Formaldehyde Liquid, mobile Colorless Pungent Miscible
Acetaldehyde Liquid, mobile Colorless Disagreeable Miscible
Benzaldehyde Liquid, mobile Colorless Bitter almonds Immiscible
Acetophenone Liquid, mobile Colorless Characteristic Immiscible

Chemical Characterization

  • Soda Lime: Not applicable to all
  • FeCl₃: No characteristic observation
  • Naâ‚‚CO₃: No effervescence (indicates not a strong acid)

Tests and Observations

  • I- lodoform Test:

    • Positive result (Acetaldehyde, Acetophenone): Yellow precipitate (turbidity)
    • Negative result (Formaldehyde, Benzaldehyde): Clear yellow solution

  • II- Sod. nitroprusside Test:

    • Positive result (Acetaldehyde, Acetophenone): Red color
    • Negative result (Formaldehyde, Benzaldehyde): No color change

  • III- Salicylic acid Test:

    • Positive result (Formaldehyde): Crimson red color
    • Negative result (Acetaldehyde, Acetophenone, Benzaldehyde): No color change

  • IV- 30% NaOH Test:

    • Positive result (Acetaldehyde): Yellow resin with bad odor
    • Negative result (Formaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone): No significant change

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Practical Organic Chemistry-I Lab 5 (Aldehydes, Ketones) PDF

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