Chemistry Flashcards: TRQ Set 1

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Questions and Answers

What does aerobic mean?

a chemical reaction that releases energy

without oxygen

with oxygen (correct)

a type of macromolecule

What does anaerobic mean?

without oxygen (correct)

a type of supramolecular complex

a chemical reaction that absorbs energy

with oxygen

ATP is produced by the?

mitochondria

Carbon atoms have the bonding arrangement?

tetrahedral Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulose?

Macromolecule Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

supramolecular complex Signup and view all the answers

Closed systems can exchange?

energy only Signup and view all the answers

What do we call degradative, free-energy yielding reactions?

catabolism Signup and view all the answers

DNA is made up of monomeric subunits called?

nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What happens in endergonic reactions?

absorb energy Signup and view all the answers

What happens in exergonic reactions?

release energy Signup and view all the answers

Facultative anaerobes can live with or without?

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Interactions between biomolecules are?

stereospecific Signup and view all the answers

Isolated systems can exchange?

neither energy nor matter Signup and view all the answers

Macromolecules are joined by?

noncovalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria oxidize fuels to produce?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

Obligate anaerobes die when exposed to?

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Open systems can exchange?

both energy and matter Signup and view all the answers

Phototrophs obtain energy from?

sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis for?

proteins Signup and view all the answers

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of metabolism for?

drugs Signup and view all the answers

Smooth ER is the site of synthesis for?

lipids Signup and view all the answers

Synthetic reactions that require energy input are designated?

anabolism Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy is?

endergonic Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat is termed?

endothermic Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction that releases energy is termed?

exergonic Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction that releases heat is termed?

exothermic Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, forms of energy in the universe?

may change Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total amount of energy in the universe?

remains constant Signup and view all the answers

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the total entropy of the universe?

is continually increasing Signup and view all the answers

An example of a supramolecular complex is?

chromatin Signup and view all the answers

Enthalpy is negative for a reaction that?

releases heat Signup and view all the answers

Enthalpy is positive for a reaction that?

absorbs heat Signup and view all the answers

Entropy is negative for a reaction that?

decreases randomness Signup and view all the answers

Entropy is positive for a reaction that?

increases randomness Signup and view all the answers

Molecules with the same chemical bonds and chemical formula but differ in the 3D spatial arrangement of atoms are called?

stereoisomers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions and Concepts

Aerobic refers to processes or reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic indicates processes or reactions that occur without oxygen.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is produced by mitochondria and serves as a primary energy carrier in cells.
Tetrahedral describes the bonding arrangement of carbon atoms, resulting in a three-dimensional shape.
Cellulose is classified as a macromolecule, which plays a vital role in plant structure.
Chromatin is a supramolecular complex composed of DNA and protein, organizing genetic material in eukaryotic cells.
Closed systems can exchange energy but not matter with their surroundings.
Catabolism denotes degradative reactions that yield free energy through the breakdown of complex molecules.

Reactions and Energy

Nucleotides are the monomeric subunits that make up DNA, essential for genetic information storage.
Endergonic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings, often requiring energy input to proceed.
Exergonic reactions release energy, making it available for other processes.
Facultative anaerobes thrive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-limited environments, adapting to available resources.
Interactions between biomolecules are described as stereospecific, highlighting the importance of three-dimensional arrangements.

Systems and Thermodynamics

Isolated systems do not exchange energy or matter with their environment.
Macromolecules are primarily joined by noncovalent interactions, affecting their structure and function.
Mitochondria convert fuels into ATP through oxidation processes, essential for cellular energy supply.
Obligate anaerobes are organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Open systems can exchange both energy and matter, allowing interactions with their environment.
Phototrophs derive energy from sunlight, utilizing photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.

Chemical Reaction Types

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in drug metabolism and lipid synthesis, playing a role in detoxification and membrane production.
Anabolism signifies synthetic reactions that require an input of energy, building complex molecules from simpler ones.
Endothermic reactions absorb heat, while exothermic reactions release heat during chemical processes.

Laws of Thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics states energy may change forms, but the total amount remains constant in the universe.
The second law of thermodynamics asserts that total entropy, a measure of disorder, is continually increasing in the universe.

Thermodynamic Properties

Enthalpy is negative for processes that release heat and positive for those that absorb heat.
Entropy is negative for reactions that decrease randomness and positive for those that increase randomness.
Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula and bonding structure but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms.

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Description

Test your knowledge of essential chemistry concepts with these flashcards from Chem21 Labs TRQ Set 1. Learn key definitions and terms related to aerobic and anaerobic processes, ATP production, bonding arrangements, and macromolecules.