Biology Chapter on Respiration

What material do cells release energy from during respiration?

What substance is energy from respiration stored in?

Which type of respiration requires oxygen?

Where do most reactions of respiration occur in the cell?

What are two other products of respiration besides energy?

What type of respiration doesn't require oxygen?

Match the stages of respiration with their descriptions:

What happens to a glucose molecule in the cytoplasm?

What is glucose turned into during glycolysis?

The end product of glycolysis is __________.

What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

How many ATP are made in aerobic respiration?

How many ATP are made in anaerobic respiration?

What does aerobic respiration need?

What is the respiration equation?

What chemical process produces ATP in mitochondria?

What carries not so high energy electrons?

What helps electrons travel down the electron transport chain?

What is the end product of fermentation (anaerobic respiration)?

What is an energy storage molecule?

Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur?

Respiration Basics

Glucose is the primary material for energy release during respiration.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the stored energy produced from respiration.

Types of Respiration

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and occurs in mitochondria.
Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, mainly in muscle cells.

Respiration Processes

The first stage of respiration is glycolysis, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
The second stage is the Krebs cycle (also known as citric acid cycle), producing FADH2, ATP, NADH, and CO2.
The electron transport chain (ETC) is the third step, occurring in the mitochondria.

Energy Production

Aerobic respiration produces 34-36 ATP molecules, while anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules.
As ATP is utilized in the body, it converts into ADP (adenosine diphosphate).

By-products of Respiration

Aerobic respiration generates carbon dioxide and water as primary by-products, while anaerobic respiration produces lactate, ethanol, or ethyl alcohol.

Cellular Structures and Functions

Most respiration reactions take place in mitochondria, which have folded membranes to accommodate the ETC's requirements.
FADH2 transports lower energy electrons and oxygen aids their transfer down the ETC.

Chemical Equations

The overall equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP.

Energy and Metabolism

ATP serves as the main energy storage molecule for cells, while metabolism describes how organisms acquire and use energy.

Additional Concepts

The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH but is separate from respiration.
The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate, which is essential for subsequent respiration stages.

Explore the fascinating basics of respiration, including the differences between aerobic and anaerobic processes. Understand key stages like glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, and learn how ATP is produced and utilized in the body. Test your knowledge on the energy production aspects and by-products of respiration.