Chemistry Flashcards 5.1
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Questions and Answers

What is combustion?

  • A reaction that occurs without energy
  • A chemical reaction that does not involve oxygen
  • A reaction that produces only carbon
  • A process where fuel burns in oxygen (correct)

    • What is a greenhouse gas?

    Any of several gases that allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere but absorb radiation emitted by Earth.

    What defines an organic compound?

    A molecular compound that contains one or more carbon-carbon bonds and often one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds.

    What is air pollution?

    <p>Chemicals and particles in the atmosphere that harm living organisms or damage the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

    <p>The combustion of a hydrocarbon in a plentiful supply of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

    <p>The combustion of a hydrocarbon in a limited supply of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propane is an organic compound.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gases contribute to climate change?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Earth's most abundant fuel?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrocarbons are made up of only hydrogen and carbon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most hydrocarbons extracted from?

    <p>Coal, oil, and natural gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All hydrocarbons burn, provided they are hot enough and have sufficient oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the combustion of hydrocarbons classified?

    <p>Complete or incomplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of hydrocarbons during combustion?

    <p>Energy, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general unbalanced chemical equation for the combustion of a hydrocarbon?

    <p>CxHy + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does complete combustion usually occur?

    <p>Under carefully controlled conditions with excess oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is complete combustion ideal for burning fuel?

    <p>It releases the most energy from the fuel molecules and produces the cleanest flames.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blue flame of a gas stove is evidence of incomplete combustion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Example of a hydrocarbon fuel?

    <p>Ethyne, C2H2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons occur?

    <p>When burning a hydrocarbon in an enclosed space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of flames resulting from incomplete combustion?

    <p>Sooty, yellow, and cooler than flames from complete combustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incomplete combustion produce?

    <p>A greater variety of combustion products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What harmful elements are released by incomplete combustion?

    <p>Carbon monoxide or soot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is soot?

    <p>A solid black ash observed when a carbon-based fuel burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for complete combustion of heptane?

    <p>More molecules of oxygen per molecule of heptane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concerns related to incomplete combustion include?

    <p>It releases only a portion of the energy, poses inhalation hazards, and produces toxic soot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hydrocarbons composed of?

    <p>Carbon and hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether the combustion of hydrocarbons is complete or incomplete?

    <p>The availability of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is oxygen abundant in combustion?

    <p>During complete combustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete or incomplete combustion produces more energy?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

    <p>CxHy + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition does incomplete combustion occur?

    <p>When the oxygen supply is limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are formed from incomplete combustion?

    <p>Soot, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incomplete combustion can be represented by a single balanced chemical equation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can synthetic materials produce when burned?

    <p>Toxic gases and particulate matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Combustion

    • Definition: A chemical reaction where a fuel burns in the presence of oxygen, producing combustion products and often a flame.
    • Types: Complete combustion and incomplete combustion.

    Greenhouse Gases

    • Definition: Gases that allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere but absorb radiation emitted by Earth, trapping thermal energy and contributing to global warming.

    Organic Compounds

    • Definition: Molecular compounds containing one or more carbon-carbon bonds and often carbon-hydrogen bonds. Example: Propane.

    Air Pollution

    • Definition: Presence of harmful chemicals and particles in the atmosphere that adversely affect living organisms and the environment.

    Complete Combustion

    • Characterized by sufficient oxygen supply; produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
    • Cleanest and hottest burning method: Produces blue flame, indicating complete combustion.
    • General equation: CxHy + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + energy.

    Incomplete Combustion

    • Occurs with limited oxygen supply; produces a variety of products including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, soot, and water.
    • Flames are often sooty, yellow, and cooler compared to complete combustion.
    • General equation cannot be singularly represented due to variability in products.
    • Key concerns:
      • Releases less energy than complete combustion, making fuel less efficient.
      • Produces toxic particles and carbon monoxide, posing inhalation hazards.

    Hydrocarbons

    • Composed only of hydrogen and carbon; primarily sourced from coal, oil, and natural gas.
    • All hydrocarbons can burn if they reach a high enough temperature with sufficient oxygen.
    • Common examples: Heptane, Ethyne (C2H2).

    Environmental Impact

    • Incomplete combustion releases harmful by-products, making it detrimental to health and the environment.
    • Concerns arise from the inhalation of soot particles and carbon monoxide during processes like driving or BBQing in enclosed areas.

    Summary on Combustion Products

    • Products of complete combustion: carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy.
    • Products of incomplete combustion include soot, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water.

    Overall Implications

    • Emphasizes the importance of combustion conditions and their impact on energy efficiency and environmental health.

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    Explore key terms in chemistry with these flashcards focusing on combustion, greenhouse gases, and organic compounds. Perfect for studying and reinforcing your understanding of fundamental concepts in chemistry. Test your knowledge and prepare for your exams!

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