Chemistry Final Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the central atom in PH3 surrounded by?

three single bonds and one lone pair of electrons.

What is the correct Lewis structure for N2?

:N≡N:

What is the electron pair geometry if you have 4 electron groups around the center atom?

tetrahedral

What is the molecular geometry of NH4+?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

A water molecule is asymmetric and therefore is polar.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electronegativity is a measure of what?

<p>the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formal charge on each atom in chloroform, CHCl3?

<p>C atom = 0, H atom = 0, and each Cl atom = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry around either carbon atom in ethylene, C2H4?

<p>trigonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The double bond is shorter and stronger than a single bond.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules or ions will have a Lewis structure most like that of the chlorate ion, ClO3-?

<p>NI3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond order for a carbon-oxygen bond in carbonate ion, CO32-?

<p>4/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules or ions does not have one or more resonance structures?

<p>H2CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the molecule with the most electronegative central atom.

<p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you have 4 electron groups and 1 of them is a lone pair, the molecular geometry is bent.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resonance structures are the best representation we can draw but do not accurately reflect the true structure.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two or more species have the same number of electrons, they are said to be _______.

<p>isoelectronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of PH3?

<p>trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you have 2 electron groups and none are lone pairs, the molecular geometry is linear.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of SCl2?

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds would have a linear molecular geometry?

<p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lone pairs of electrons are assigned to each carbon atom in C2H2?

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the O-C-N bond angle in OCN-?

<p>180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons are in the nitrate ion?

<p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry if you have a double bond, a single bond, and one lone pair around the central atom?

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The correct Lewis structure for CO2 shows that the molecule contains two double bonds.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Lewis structure of water has two sets of lone pair electrons.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the BF3 molecule?

<p>All of these statements are true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry if you have 4 single bonds around the central atom?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

The molecular geometry of a molecule whose central atom has four single bonds and two lone pairs of electrons is ___________.

<p>square planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use VSEPR theory to predict the electron-pair geometry and the molecular geometry of phosphorus tribromide, PBr3.

<p>The electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral, the molecular geometry is trigonal-pyramidal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In PCl5, what is the Cl-P-Cl bond angle between two equatorial chlorine atoms?

<p>120 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybrid orbital set used by the central atom in O3?

<p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give hybridization for the S in SF6.

<p>sp3d2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The orbital hybridization on the carbon atom in CO2 is?

<p>sp</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give hybridization for the Br in BrCl3.

<p>sp3d</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds in a triple bond.

<p>1 sigma, 2 pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule containing a central atom with sp3d hybridization has a(n)_________ electron geometry.

<p>trigonal bipyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the number of electron groups around a molecule with sp2 hybridization.

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule containing a central atom with sp3d2 hybridization has a(n)_________ electron geometry.

<p>octahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give hybridization for the Br in BrF5.

<p>sp3d2</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds in a single bond.

<p>1 sigma, 0 pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and the hybridization for XeF4.

<p>eg=octahedral, mg=square planar, sp3d2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe a sigma bond.

<p>end to end overlap of p orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give hybridization for the O in OF2.

<p>sp3</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule containing a central atom with sp3 hybridization has a(n)_________ electron geometry.

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds in a double bond.

<p>1 sigma, 1 pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give hybridization for the Br in BrF3.

<p>sp3d</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of calcium chloride are theoretically produced for the following reaction given we have 2.6 moles of HCl and 1.8 moles of Ca(OH)2?

<p>1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 5.00 g Br2 and 3.00 g NH3 react according to the equation, what is the maximum mass of ammonium bromide produced?

<p>6.13 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of chlorine gas are needed to make 0.6 moles of sodium chloride?

<p>0.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and zinc chloride.

<p>Na2S (aq) + ZnCl2 (aq) → ZnS (s) + 2 NaCl (aq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before determining conversion factors, it is necessary to make sure the equation is properly balanced.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 16.0 grams of aluminum oxide were actually produced, what is the percent yield of the reaction given that you start with 10.0g of Al and 19.0 grams of O2?

<p>84.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield times 100.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of water are made from the reaction of 4.0 grams of hydrogen gas?

<p>36</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limiting reactant for the following reaction given we have 3.4 moles of Ca(NO3)2 and 2.8 moles of Li3PO4?

<p>Ca(NO3)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of Cu2O can be produced from the reaction of 0.66 mole Cu with 0.40 mole O2?

<p>0.33 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Magnesium reacts with chlorine gas to produce magnesium chloride. How many moles of Mg will react with 2.6 moles of Cl2?

<p>2.6 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of elemental chlorine with potassium iodide?

<p>Cl2 (g) + 2KI (s) → I2 (s) + 2KCl (s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aluminum reacts with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide. If 4.0 moles of Al react with excess O2, how many moles of Al2O3 can be formed?

<p>2.0 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nitroglycerine decomposes violently. Which one of the following statements concerning this reaction is correct?

<p>Two moles of nitroglycerine will produce three moles of nitrogen and five moles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the excess reactant for the following reaction given we have 3.4 moles of Ca(NO3)2 and 2.8 moles of Li3PO4?

<p>Li3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following equation IS balanced: HNO3 + NaHSO3 → NaNO3 + H2O + SO2.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about balancing reactions is FALSE?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percent yield if 18.3 g SF6 is isolated from the reaction of 10.0 g S8 and 30.0 g F2?

<p>47.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have 0.40 mole of Al, what amount of Cl2 is needed for a complete reaction?

<p>0.60 moles Cl2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the excess reactant for the reaction below given that you start with 10.0g of Al and 19.0 grams of O2?

<p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of water is produced by the complete combustion of 6.21 grams of hexane, C6H14?

<p>9.09 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 24.0g sample of nitrogen gas reacts with excess hydrogen gas to give an actual yield of 3.85g NH3. What is the percent yield for this reaction?

<p>13.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of nitric oxide can be made from the reaction of 8.00 g NH3 with 17.0 g O2?

<p>12.8 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 4.0 moles of Al react with excess O2, how many moles of Al2O3 can be formed?

<p>2 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of sodium metal are needed to make 29.3 grams of sodium chloride?

<p>11.5 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

The limiting reactant is the reactant that produces the maximum amount of product.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limiting reactant for the following reaction given we have 2.6 moles of HCl and 1.8 moles of Ca(OH)2?

<p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the complete combustion of an unknown mass of ethylene produces 16.0 g CO2, what mass of ethylene is combusted?

<p>0.184 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of carbon monoxide can be formed from the reaction of 71.3 g of carbon with excess water?

<p>166 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the equation: 2 Ca + O2 → 2 CaO, if 2 moles of CaO are formed in this reaction, then 2 moles of O2 must have reacted.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the respective coefficients when the equation is balanced: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3?

<p>4, 3, 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Molecular Geometry and Electron Geometry

  • PH3 has a central atom surrounded by three single bonds and one lone pair, giving it a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.
  • NH4+ and a tetrahedral electron pair geometry indicate four single bonds with no lone pairs.
  • Water's asymmetric structure contributes to its polarity.

Lewis Structures

  • The correct Lewis structure for diatomic nitrogen (N2) shows a triple bond: :N≡N:.
  • Formal charges in chloroform (CHCl3) for each atom are zero for C and H, and zero for each Cl atom.
  • Resonance structures represent different valid configurations of electrons in a molecule, but do not fully depict the actual structure.

Bonding and Hybridization

  • Electronegativity quantifies an atom's ability to attract electrons.
  • A molecule with sp3 hybridization displays tetrahedral electron geometry; sp2 indicates trigonal planar.
  • In a double bond, there is one sigma bond and one pi bond; a triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.

VSEPR Theory

  • The molecular geometry associated with 4 electron groups is tetrahedral; if one group is a lone pair, the shape is trigonal pyramidal.
  • Electron pair geometry varies based on the number of lone pairs and bonding groups, affecting the overall molecular shape.

Stoichiometry and Reactions

  • The limiting reactant limits the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction; the excess reactant is left over.
  • Percent yield is calculated by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction.
  • For the combustion of hydrocarbons, mass relationships can determine how much product is created based on reactants.

Reactants and Products

  • Balanced equations are crucial as they ensure mass conservation; coefficients reflect mole ratios in reactions.
  • When aluminum reacts with oxygen, stoichiometry reveals how many moles of aluminum oxide are produced from a certain amount of aluminum.

Experimental and Theoretical Considerations

  • In stoichiometric calculations, ensure the equation is balanced before determining conversion factors.
  • The total number of valence electrons impacts how compounds are formed and their reactivity in various chemical processes.

Key Equations

  • For hydrogen combustion: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O reveals stoichiometric relationships.
  • Synthesis gas is generated from carbon and water, showcasing practical applications of reactions under various conditions.

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Description

Prepare for your chemistry final with these flashcards covering key concepts such as molecular geometry, Lewis structures, and electron configurations. Master the material with definitions and examples that will enhance your understanding of chemical bonding and molecular shapes.

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