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Questions and Answers
What does ion concentration refer to?
What does ion concentration refer to?
What is the concentration of K+ in 0.15 M of K2S?
What is the concentration of K+ in 0.15 M of K2S?
0.3 M
What can be said about the concentration of the Ca2+ ion when CaCl2 is dissolved in water?
What can be said about the concentration of the Ca2+ ion when CaCl2 is dissolved in water?
It will be equal to 0.5 M if 0.5 M CaCl2 is used.
How many grams of Na3PO4 are needed to produce 700 mL of a solution that has a concentration of Na+ ions of 0.800 M?
How many grams of Na3PO4 are needed to produce 700 mL of a solution that has a concentration of Na+ ions of 0.800 M?
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What is an electrolyte?
What is an electrolyte?
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Classify the following solute reactions: X(s)→X(aq) and CD(aq)⇌C+(aq)+D−(aq).
Classify the following solute reactions: X(s)→X(aq) and CD(aq)⇌C+(aq)+D−(aq).
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Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte?
Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte?
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Which samples will conduct electricity?
Which samples will conduct electricity?
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Which solid is a weak electrolyte when dissolved in water?
Which solid is a weak electrolyte when dissolved in water?
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If one of the tested solids is barium chloride (BaCl2), which solids could be BaCl2?
If one of the tested solids is barium chloride (BaCl2), which solids could be BaCl2?
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Rank the following substances based on conductivity from most conductive to least: barium chloride, potassium bromide, butanoic acid, sugar.
Rank the following substances based on conductivity from most conductive to least: barium chloride, potassium bromide, butanoic acid, sugar.
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Which combinations could yield a black precipitate?
Which combinations could yield a black precipitate?
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What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate?
What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate?
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Which of the following choices is insoluble: AX, AY, AZ, BX, BY, BZ?
Which of the following choices is insoluble: AX, AY, AZ, BX, BY, BZ?
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Classify these compounds as soluble or insoluble.
Classify these compounds as soluble or insoluble.
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Study Notes
Ion Concentration
- Represents molar concentration of ions in a solution.
- May differ from the molar concentration of the compound.
- For soluble salts, molarity of an ion = molarity of compound × ion subscript.
- Example: 1 M of AlCl3 yields 1 M Al3+ and 3 M Cl−.
K+ Concentration in K2S
- The concentration of K+ in a 0.15 M K2S solution is 0.30 M.
Ca2+ Ion Concentration in CaCl2
- The concentration of Ca2+ from dissolved CaCl2 can be inferred with respect to molarity.
Na3PO4 Solution Preparation
- To prepare 700 mL of 0.800 M Na+ solution from Na3PO4, 30.6 g of Na3PO4 is required.
Electrolytes
- Substances that dissociate in solution to produce ions and conduct electricity are called electrolytes.
- Strong electrolytes fully dissociate into ions; weak electrolytes partially dissociate.
- Non-electrolytes remain as molecules in solution.
Electrode Classification
- Strong electrolytes: YZ, PQ.
- Weak electrolytes: X, R.
- Non-electrolyte: CD.
Classification of Common Solutes
- Strong electrolytes: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Aluminum chloride (AlCl3).
- Weak electrolytes: Acetic acid (H3CCOOH), Ammonia (NH3).
- Non-electrolytes: Sucrose (C12H22O11), Butanol (C4H9OH).
Conductivity Tests
- Only NaCl solution from a sugar solution and solid NaCl will conduct electricity.
Identifying Weak Electrolytes
- Among solids A, B, C, and D, solid B is identified as a weak electrolyte due to its dim light emission.
Barium Chloride Identification
- Solids A and D could represent BaCl2 based on their bright light emission.
Conductivity Ranking
- Conductivity ranking for 0.20 M solutions:
- Most to least conductive: Barium chloride, Potassium bromide, Butanoic acid, Sugar.
Precipitation Reactions
- General solubility rules include:
- Group I compounds, nitrates, and chlorates are soluble.
- Carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, and sulfides are typically insoluble.
Black Precipitate Formation
- Combinations yielding a black precipitate include:
- Li2S(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
- K2S(aq) + Sn(NO3)4(aq)
Net Ionic Equation for NaCl and AgNO3
- The net ionic equation is: Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s).
Insoluble Choices from Reaction Data
- In the given reactions, AZ is identified as insoluble.
Qualitative Analysis
- Entails assessing the solubility of compounds under specific conditions.
Solubility Classification
- Soluble compounds: Strontium hydroxide, Sodium sulfate, Calcium hydroxide, Potassium sulfate, Nickel(II) sulfate, Potassium hydroxide, Iron(II) sulfate.
- Insoluble compounds: Strontium sulfate, Copper(II) hydroxide, Magnesium sulfide.
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Prepare for your Chemistry Exam 4 with these flashcards that cover important concepts like ion concentration. Each card provides key definitions and examples to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for quick review and memorization before the exam.
