Chemistry Solution Dilution Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum acceptable concentration of arsenic in ppm?

  • 1.5
  • 0.010
  • 0.025 (correct)
  • 0.050

    • Which substance has the highest maximum acceptable concentration in ppm?

  • Lead
  • Chromium
  • Fluoride (correct)
  • Arsenic

    • What is the maximum acceptable concentration of lead in ppm?

  • 0.025
  • 0.010 (correct)
  • 1.5
  • 0.050

    • How can combining 50 mL of ethanol with 50 mL of water result in a solution volume of 95 mL?

    <p>There is a contraction in volume when mixed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum acceptable concentration of chromium in ppm?

    <p>0.050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances has the lowest maximum acceptable concentration in ppm?

    <p>Lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances has a maximum concentration that exceeds 1 ppm?

    <p>Fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mixing of ethanol and water is correct?

    <p>It can lead to a decrease in total volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of DEET in a 250-mL container if the solution has a concentration of 5.0% V/V?

    <p>200 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the % V/V concentration represent in the context of solutions?

    <p>The volume of solute per total volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total volume of the solution if 200 mL of DEET corresponds to a 5.0% V/V concentration?

    <p>4000 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a product is diluted to 5.0% V/V, how does this relate to the concentration in parts per million (ppm)?

    <p>It results in a very dilute solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To determine the volume of DEET in a solution, what is the first step?

    <p>Identify the percentage concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting from % V/V to ppm, what aspect should be considered for very dilute solutions?

    <p>The total solution volume plays a role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentration of DEET needs to be expressed in ppm instead of % V/V, what aspect must be evaluated?

    <p>The dilution factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit of measurement is used for expressing very dilute solutions?

    <p>Parts per million (ppm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains constant during the dilution of a solution when more solvent is added?

    <p>Amount of solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the initial concentration ($C_i$) and volume ($V_i$) of a solute are known, how can the number of moles of solute ($n$) before dilution be calculated?

    <p>$n = C_i V_i$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between initial concentration ($C_i$), final concentration ($C_f$), initial volume ($V_i$), and final volume ($V_f$) during dilution?

    <p>$C_i V_i = C_f V_f$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When adding solvent to a solution, how is the final volume of the solution defined?

    <p>Total volume of the solution including solute and solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of a solution when more solvent is added, assuming the amount of solute remains the same?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the initial concentration of a solute is 2 M and the initial volume is 1 L, how many moles of solute are present?

    <p>1 mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dilution equation $C_i V_i = C_f V_f$, which variable indicates concentration after adding solvent?

    <p>$C_f$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes what happens when only the solvent of a solution is changed?

    <p>The concentration of solute decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation would help determine the final concentration of a solute in a solution after dilution?

    <p>$C_f = rac{n}{V_f}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the number of moles of a substance?

    <p>n = m / M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 30.0 g of NaCl(s) is dissolved in water, how do you determine the number of moles present?

    <p>Divide 30.0 g by the molar mass of NaCl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method for calculating the molar concentration of a solution?

    <p>C = n / V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar concentration of a solution if 0.435 mol of NaCl(s) is dissolved in 200 mL of water?

    <p>0.2175 mol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many moles are present in 800 mL of a solution containing 0.674 mol of NaOH(aq)?

    <p>0.674 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 5.00 g of NaOH(s) is dissolved in 300 mL of water, what is the first step to find the molar concentration?

    <p>Convert grams to moles using the molar mass of NaOH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar concentration of sodium sulfate solution if it is calculated to be 0.704 mol/L?

    <p>0.704 mol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of knowing the molar concentration of a solution in scientific industries?

    <p>It is used to ensure proper chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol % V/V represent in the context of concentration?

    <p>The volume of solute as a percentage of solution volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is used to calculate parts per million (ppm)?

    <p>g of solute × 10^6 / g of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concentration method is commonly used by scientists for pure substances?

    <p>Molar concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose are agencies that set health and safety standards likely to use ppm?

    <p>To communicate levels of pollutants in dilute solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formula for percent by volume, which component is multiplied by 100%?

    <p>mL of solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher molar concentration indicate?

    <p>A greater amount of solute relative to solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method might be used mainly by manufacturers of consumer products?

    <p>Percent by volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dilute solution' refer to?

    <p>A solution where solute concentration is negligible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concentrations is expressed in parts per million?

    <p>For every 1 g of solute, there are 1,000,000 g of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is molar concentration expressed in moles per liter?

    <p>To standardize the amount of solute per volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is parts per million typically expressed mathematically?

    <p>mg of solute / kg of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary challenge when using parts per million?

    <p>It can be confusing due to its small values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a solution has a molar concentration of 0.5 M?

    <p>There are 0.5 moles of solute per 1 liter of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT involved in calculating percent by volume?

    <p>Weight of the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solution Dilution

    • Addition of solvent to a solution keeps the amount of solute consistent while changing the concentration.
    • Initial and final concentrations are related via ( C_i V_i = C_f V_f ).
    • The number of moles of solute before dilution equals the number after dilution: ( n = C_i V_i = C_f V_f ).

    Concentration Expression

    • Percent by Volume (% V/V): expresses the volume of solute relative to the total volume of the solution, used by manufacturers for consumer products.
    • Parts Per Million (ppm): a unit for very dilute solutions, calculated as ( \text{ppm} = \frac{\text{g of solute}}{\text{g of solution}} \times 10^6 ), often used by health and safety agencies.
    • Molar Concentration (C): calculated as ( C = \frac{n}{V} ), where ( n ) is the number of moles and ( V ) is the volume of the solution, used in scientific contexts.

    Example Calculation

    • Example of ethanol and water: Combining 50 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of water results in a final volume of 95 mL due to contraction upon mixing.
    • Molar concentration example: Sodium sulfate solution concentration calculated as 0.704 mol/L.

    Molar Concentration Practice Problems

    • Determining molar concentration involves calculating moles from mass and converting volume from mL to L.
    • Example:
      • Dissolving 0.435 mol of NaCl in 200 mL of water; conversion to molarity needed.
      • Calculating moles from 30.0 g of NaCl for an 800 mL salt solution.

    Standard Solutions

    • Industries often require specific concentration solutions for various applications, emphasizing the importance of accurate dilution methods.

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    Calculating Concentration PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the principles of solution dilution, including how the addition of solvent affects concentration while maintaining the amount of solute. Explore key concepts such as percent by volume, ppm, and molar concentration through various calculations and examples.

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