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Questions and Answers
What are the products formed in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base?
What are the products formed in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base?
What occurs during a redox reaction?
What occurs during a redox reaction?
What type of reaction is characterized by the combination of oxygen with a compound to produce carbon dioxide and water?
What type of reaction is characterized by the combination of oxygen with a compound to produce carbon dioxide and water?
What indicates a reversible reaction in a chemical equation?
What indicates a reversible reaction in a chemical equation?
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How does the atomic radius change as you move down a group in the periodic table?
How does the atomic radius change as you move down a group in the periodic table?
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What trend in electronegativity is observed across a period from left to right?
What trend in electronegativity is observed across a period from left to right?
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Which statement about valence electrons in the periodic table is correct?
Which statement about valence electrons in the periodic table is correct?
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What happens to the atomic radius as you move across a period from left to right?
What happens to the atomic radius as you move across a period from left to right?
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How does the atomic radius affect the ease of ionization as you move down a group?
How does the atomic radius affect the ease of ionization as you move down a group?
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Which of the following properties decreases down Group VII elements?
Which of the following properties decreases down Group VII elements?
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What type of compounds do Group VII elements usually form when reacting with metals?
What type of compounds do Group VII elements usually form when reacting with metals?
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Which of the following statements about Period 3 elements is true?
Which of the following statements about Period 3 elements is true?
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What happens to the ability of Group VII elements to share electrons as you move down the group?
What happens to the ability of Group VII elements to share electrons as you move down the group?
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How do Period 3 elements primarily exist at room temperature?
How do Period 3 elements primarily exist at room temperature?
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What characteristic differentiates nonmetals generally from metals in Period 3?
What characteristic differentiates nonmetals generally from metals in Period 3?
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Which of the following trends in electronegativity is observed in Group VII?
Which of the following trends in electronegativity is observed in Group VII?
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What happens to the ionization energy as one moves down a group in the periodic table?
What happens to the ionization energy as one moves down a group in the periodic table?
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Which statement best describes the trend in effective nuclear charge across a period?
Which statement best describes the trend in effective nuclear charge across a period?
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Why are metals considered reducing agents?
Why are metals considered reducing agents?
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What is the reaction of magnesium with oxygen primarily characterized as?
What is the reaction of magnesium with oxygen primarily characterized as?
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What occurs as one moves across a period in relation to ionization energy?
What occurs as one moves across a period in relation to ionization energy?
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How does the shielding effect contribute to the ease of losing valence electrons in metals?
How does the shielding effect contribute to the ease of losing valence electrons in metals?
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Which element from Group II is most reactive when combined with other elements?
Which element from Group II is most reactive when combined with other elements?
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What is the primary factor affecting ionization energy across a period?
What is the primary factor affecting ionization energy across a period?
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What type of bond is formed when non-metal atoms share valence electrons?
What type of bond is formed when non-metal atoms share valence electrons?
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Lone pairs are involved in the bonding process between atoms.
Lone pairs are involved in the bonding process between atoms.
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Which type of bond is characterized by a force of attraction between ions of opposite charges?
Which type of bond is characterized by a force of attraction between ions of opposite charges?
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Fluorine has _____ lone pairs of electrons.
Fluorine has _____ lone pairs of electrons.
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Which of the following correctly describes covalent bonding?
Which of the following correctly describes covalent bonding?
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Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:
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Covalent bonds can be formed between two atoms of different elements.
Covalent bonds can be formed between two atoms of different elements.
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Which of the following statements regarding ionisation energy is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding ionisation energy is correct?
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Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron from the nucleus.
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron from the nucleus.
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What is the effect of increasing distance of valence electrons from the nucleus on ionisation energy?
What is the effect of increasing distance of valence electrons from the nucleus on ionisation energy?
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The 1st ionisation energy refers to the energy needed to remove the _____ valence electron from a neutral atom.
The 1st ionisation energy refers to the energy needed to remove the _____ valence electron from a neutral atom.
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Match the factors affecting ionisation energy with their descriptions:
Match the factors affecting ionisation energy with their descriptions:
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What is formed as a result of a neutralisation reaction?
What is formed as a result of a neutralisation reaction?
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Redox reactions involve only oxidation or only reduction, but not both.
Redox reactions involve only oxidation or only reduction, but not both.
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What signifies a reversible reaction in chemical notation?
What signifies a reversible reaction in chemical notation?
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Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract ___________.
Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract ___________.
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Match the following types of chemical reactions with their definitions:
Match the following types of chemical reactions with their definitions:
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Which of the following increases as you move down a group in the periodic table?
Which of the following increases as you move down a group in the periodic table?
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The periodic table is primarily arranged by increasing atomic mass.
The periodic table is primarily arranged by increasing atomic mass.
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What happens to the atomic radius across a period from left to right?
What happens to the atomic radius across a period from left to right?
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What type of bonding holds together ionic crystals?
What type of bonding holds together ionic crystals?
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The ___________ rule indicates that elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
The ___________ rule indicates that elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
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Hydrogen bonds are considered strong intermolecular forces.
Hydrogen bonds are considered strong intermolecular forces.
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What is the primary characteristic of simple molecular compounds?
What is the primary characteristic of simple molecular compounds?
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What characterizes a combustion reaction?
What characterizes a combustion reaction?
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A giant molecular compound is also known as a ______ because it consists of millions of atoms.
A giant molecular compound is also known as a ______ because it consists of millions of atoms.
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Match the compounds with their properties:
Match the compounds with their properties:
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What happens to the properties of simple covalent solids compared to giant molecular compounds?
What happens to the properties of simple covalent solids compared to giant molecular compounds?
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All elements exhibit allotropy.
All elements exhibit allotropy.
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Name one use of diamond.
Name one use of diamond.
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The weak intermolecular forces in simple molecular compounds lead to ______ melting and boiling points.
The weak intermolecular forces in simple molecular compounds lead to ______ melting and boiling points.
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What happens to electronegativity as you move across a period?
What happens to electronegativity as you move across a period?
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Cations have larger ionic radii compared to their neutral atoms.
Cations have larger ionic radii compared to their neutral atoms.
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What is the primary reason for the larger ionic radii of anions?
What is the primary reason for the larger ionic radii of anions?
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Fluorine is the most electronegative element because it has the most amount of _____ in its group.
Fluorine is the most electronegative element because it has the most amount of _____ in its group.
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Match the type of ion with the explanation of its ionic radius:
Match the type of ion with the explanation of its ionic radius:
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Which of the following statements about cations is correct?
Which of the following statements about cations is correct?
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The effective nuclear charge increases when an atom loses electrons.
The effective nuclear charge increases when an atom loses electrons.
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What is the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group?
What is the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group?
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The size of the ionic radius of an anion is primarily affected by ______.
The size of the ionic radius of an anion is primarily affected by ______.
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Which factor contributes to the smaller ionic radii of cations?
Which factor contributes to the smaller ionic radii of cations?
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What type of bond forms between hydrogen and a more electronegative atom?
What type of bond forms between hydrogen and a more electronegative atom?
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Ionic crystals have weak intermolecular forces holding their structure together.
Ionic crystals have weak intermolecular forces holding their structure together.
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What is the main distinguishing feature between ionic and molecular solids?
What is the main distinguishing feature between ionic and molecular solids?
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The __________ of sodium chloride is a hard, brittle crystalline solid.
The __________ of sodium chloride is a hard, brittle crystalline solid.
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Which of the following correctly describes diamond?
Which of the following correctly describes diamond?
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Match the following structures to their properties:
Match the following structures to their properties:
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Simple molecular compounds are typically made up of a large number of atoms bonded together.
Simple molecular compounds are typically made up of a large number of atoms bonded together.
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Compounds that can exist in more than one form in the same physical state are said to exhibit __________.
Compounds that can exist in more than one form in the same physical state are said to exhibit __________.
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Name a property of graphite that makes it useful.
Name a property of graphite that makes it useful.
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What is the main product of a neutralisation reaction?
What is the main product of a neutralisation reaction?
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Combustion reactions are endothermic processes.
Combustion reactions are endothermic processes.
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What does a double arrow in a chemical equation indicate?
What does a double arrow in a chemical equation indicate?
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The atomic radius __________ as you move down a group in the periodic table.
The atomic radius __________ as you move down a group in the periodic table.
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Match the types of reactions with their definitions:
Match the types of reactions with their definitions:
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Which of the following properties tends to decrease as you move across a period?
Which of the following properties tends to decrease as you move across a period?
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What happens to ionic radii when an atom loses electrons to form cations?
What happens to ionic radii when an atom loses electrons to form cations?
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The ability of an atom to attract electrons is known as ionization energy.
The ability of an atom to attract electrons is known as ionization energy.
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Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?
Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?
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Anions are smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms due to increased electron repulsion.
Anions are smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms due to increased electron repulsion.
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All chlorides are soluble in water.
All chlorides are soluble in water.
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What is the electronegativity trend across a period?
What is the electronegativity trend across a period?
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What defines the trends observed in the periodic table?
What defines the trends observed in the periodic table?
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What are the two types of forces that influence the structure and properties of elements and compounds?
What are the two types of forces that influence the structure and properties of elements and compounds?
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Fluorine is considered the most electronegative element because of its strong __________ pull.
Fluorine is considered the most electronegative element because of its strong __________ pull.
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In double displacement reactions, one or more products typically forms a __________.
In double displacement reactions, one or more products typically forms a __________.
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Which of the following describes the trend of ionization energy as you go down a group?
Which of the following describes the trend of ionization energy as you go down a group?
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Match the following ions with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following ions with their corresponding descriptions:
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Metal hydroxides are generally __________ except for those formed with Group 1 and some Group 2 elements.
Metal hydroxides are generally __________ except for those formed with Group 1 and some Group 2 elements.
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Match the following metal cations with their charge:
Match the following metal cations with their charge:
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Which of the following anions is associated with sulfate?
Which of the following anions is associated with sulfate?
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Van der Waal forces are considered strong intermolecular forces.
Van der Waal forces are considered strong intermolecular forces.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of metallic bonding?
Which of the following is a characteristic of metallic bonding?
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In a decomposition reaction, a single compound is broken down into multiple products.
In a decomposition reaction, a single compound is broken down into multiple products.
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What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions?
What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions?
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The four different state symbols used in chemical equations are ___, ___, ___, and ___.
The four different state symbols used in chemical equations are ___, ___, ___, and ___.
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What type of reaction involves a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element?
What type of reaction involves a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element?
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Covalent bonds can only form between atoms of different elements.
Covalent bonds can only form between atoms of different elements.
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What happens to a compound during a synthesis reaction?
What happens to a compound during a synthesis reaction?
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In a chemical reaction, products ____ the reactants.
In a chemical reaction, products ____ the reactants.
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Which of the following does not involve a change in the number of atoms?
Which of the following does not involve a change in the number of atoms?
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Study Notes
CHEM EXAM 2024: THE CHEMICAL AWAKENS
- Exam scheduled for December 10th
- Exam duration: 1 hour and 45 minutes
Topics
-
Chemistry Lab, Laboratory Equipments & Safety Regulations
- Planning and Designing Experiments
- Identifying and creating questions and hypotheses
- Developing experimental procedures
- Analyze various variables in investigations.
- Analyze evidence, infer, make predictions, and explain observations.
- Presenting quantitative data in scientific investigations.
- Strengths and weaknesses of arguments and/or claims.
- Chemical Bonding and Structure
- Ionic Bonds
- Forces of attraction due to ions of opposite charges
- Occur between metals (which tend to lose electrons) and nonmetals (which tend to gain electrons)
- Covalent Bonds
- Bond formation through valence electron sharing between nonmetals.
- Resulting in molecule formation
- Examples: water (H₂O), hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂)
- Lone pairs (non-bonding pairs): Electrons not directly involved in bonding.
- Ionic Bonds
- Planning and Designing Experiments
-
Predict likelihood of ionic/covalent bonds based on atomic structure
-
Write formulae to represent ions and molecules
-
Chemical and Ionic Equations
- Equations are a shorthand representation of reactions.
- Ionic equations indicate participating atoms that change state.
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Solubility & Insolubility Rules
- Rules for predicting the solubility of compounds in water.
- Compound categories and exceptions in solubility.
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Polyatomic Ions
-
Cations and Anions
-
Types of Covalent Bonds
- Single, double, triple bonds
-
Intra- and Inter-molecular forces
- Properties based on attractive & repulsive forces within and between molecules.
- van der Waals forces: Weak forces between oppositely-charged ends of molecules.
-
Structure And Properties of Ionic, Simple Molecular and Giant Molecular Crystals
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Diamond, Graphite
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Allotropes: Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
-
Periodicity
- Trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.
-
Periodic Table
- Arrangement of elements based on atomic number (protons.)
- Group trends in reactivity, properties, and bonding.
-
Trends in Period 3
-
Chemical Reactivity
- Understanding reactions with oxygen, water, and acids.
-
Types of Reactions
- Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement, Neutralization, Redox
- Balancing chemical equations.
-
Predicting Properties of Elements Based on Position in the Periodic Table
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Description
Prepare for the upcoming Chemistry exam covering essential topics like laboratory safety, experimental design, and chemical bonding. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of ionic and covalent bonds as well as practical lab skills. Ensure you are ready for December 10th with thorough revision.