Chemistry Exam 2024: The Chemical Awakens
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Questions and Answers

What are the products formed in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base?

  • Salt and hydrogen gas
  • Water and carbon dioxide
  • Salt and water (correct)
  • Salt and oxygen
  • What occurs during a redox reaction?

  • Only one reactant undergoes reaction
  • Both reactants are oxidised
  • One reactant is reduced and the other is oxidised (correct)
  • No change occurs in the oxidation states
  • What type of reaction is characterized by the combination of oxygen with a compound to produce carbon dioxide and water?

  • Decomposition
  • Double displacement
  • Neutralisation
  • Combustion (correct)
  • What indicates a reversible reaction in a chemical equation?

    <p>A double arrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the atomic radius change as you move down a group in the periodic table?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend in electronegativity is observed across a period from left to right?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about valence electrons in the periodic table is correct?

    <p>Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atomic radius as you move across a period from left to right?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the atomic radius affect the ease of ionization as you move down a group?

    <p>It becomes easier to remove electrons as they are further from the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties decreases down Group VII elements?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds do Group VII elements usually form when reacting with metals?

    <p>Ionic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Period 3 elements is true?

    <p>They are good conductors of heat and electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ability of Group VII elements to share electrons as you move down the group?

    <p>Their ability to share electrons decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Period 3 elements primarily exist at room temperature?

    <p>Primarily solids except for bromine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates nonmetals generally from metals in Period 3?

    <p>Nonmetals are usually brittle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends in electronegativity is observed in Group VII?

    <p>Electronegativity decreases from fluorine to iodine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ionization energy as one moves down a group in the periodic table?

    <p>Ionization energy decreases due to increased shielding effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the trend in effective nuclear charge across a period?

    <p>Effective nuclear charge increases without a corresponding increase in shielding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are metals considered reducing agents?

    <p>Because they easily lose their valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction of magnesium with oxygen primarily characterized as?

    <p>A combustion reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as one moves across a period in relation to ionization energy?

    <p>Ionization energy increases due to increasing effective nuclear charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the shielding effect contribute to the ease of losing valence electrons in metals?

    <p>Inner-shell electrons shield outer electrons, resulting in weaker attraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element from Group II is most reactive when combined with other elements?

    <p>Radium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting ionization energy across a period?

    <p>Increased effective nuclear charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when non-metal atoms share valence electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lone pairs are involved in the bonding process between atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is characterized by a force of attraction between ions of opposite charges?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorine has _____ lone pairs of electrons.

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes covalent bonding?

    <p>Sharing of valence electrons between non-metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Ionic Bond = Formation due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Covalent Bond = Formation by sharing of valence electrons between non-metal atoms Lone Pair = Non-bonding pair of electrons present in an atom Metal = Element that tends to lose electrons in chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds can be formed between two atoms of different elements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding ionisation energy is correct?

    <p>Ionisation energy increases as you move down a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron from the nucleus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing distance of valence electrons from the nucleus on ionisation energy?

    <p>It decreases the ionisation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1st ionisation energy refers to the energy needed to remove the _____ valence electron from a neutral atom.

    <p>outermost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors affecting ionisation energy with their descriptions:

    <p>Distance of valence electrons = Increased distance means less attraction Effective nuclear charge = Stronger attraction due to more protons Shielding effect = Inner electrons reduce the pull on outer electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed as a result of a neutralisation reaction?

    <p>Salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Redox reactions involve only oxidation or only reduction, but not both.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies a reversible reaction in chemical notation?

    <p>A double arrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract ___________.

    <p>electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of chemical reactions with their definitions:

    <p>Double Displacement = Exchange of ions between two compounds Neutralisation = Reaction between an acid and a base Redox = Involves reduction and oxidation Combustion = Reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following increases as you move down a group in the periodic table?

    <p>Atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The periodic table is primarily arranged by increasing atomic mass.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atomic radius across a period from left to right?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding holds together ionic crystals?

    <p>Ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___________ rule indicates that elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

    <p>valence electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonds are considered strong intermolecular forces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of simple molecular compounds?

    <p>They consist of a few atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds and have weak intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a combustion reaction?

    <p>Combines with oxygen to produce heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A giant molecular compound is also known as a ______ because it consists of millions of atoms.

    <p>macromolecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the compounds with their properties:

    <p>Sodium Chloride = Hard, brittle crystalline solid with high melting point Diamond = One of the hardest substances known Graphite = Used in pencils and lubricating applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the properties of simple covalent solids compared to giant molecular compounds?

    <p>They typically have very low melting and boiling points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All elements exhibit allotropy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one use of diamond.

    <p>Cutting and drilling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weak intermolecular forces in simple molecular compounds lead to ______ melting and boiling points.

    <p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electronegativity as you move across a period?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cations have larger ionic radii compared to their neutral atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the larger ionic radii of anions?

    <p>Increased electron repulsion and additional electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorine is the most electronegative element because it has the most amount of _____ in its group.

    <p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of ion with the explanation of its ionic radius:

    <p>Anion = Larger ionic radius due to more electrons and electron repulsion Cation = Smaller ionic radius due to fewer electrons and stronger nuclear pull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cations is correct?

    <p>They lose electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effective nuclear charge increases when an atom loses electrons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group?

    <p>Atomic radius increases down a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size of the ionic radius of an anion is primarily affected by ______.

    <p>electron repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the smaller ionic radii of cations?

    <p>Loss of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms between hydrogen and a more electronegative atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic crystals have weak intermolecular forces holding their structure together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature between ionic and molecular solids?

    <p>Ionic solids are held together by ionic bonds while molecular solids are held together by covalent bonds and weaker intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ of sodium chloride is a hard, brittle crystalline solid.

    <p>structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes diamond?

    <p>One of the hardest substances known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures to their properties:

    <p>Sodium Chloride = Conducts electricity when dissolved in water Diamond = Used in cutting and drilling Graphite = Used in pencils and lubricants Simple Molecular Compounds = Usually have low melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple molecular compounds are typically made up of a large number of atoms bonded together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compounds that can exist in more than one form in the same physical state are said to exhibit __________.

    <p>allotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a property of graphite that makes it useful.

    <p>Graphite is lubricating due to its layered structure allowing sheets to slide over one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of a neutralisation reaction?

    <p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combustion reactions are endothermic processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a double arrow in a chemical equation indicate?

    <p>Reversible reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic radius __________ as you move down a group in the periodic table.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of reactions with their definitions:

    <p>Double Displacement = Two compounds exchange ions Neutralisation = Reaction between an acid and a base Redox = One reactant is oxidised and another is reduced Combustion = Reaction with oxygen producing CO2 and H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties tends to decrease as you move across a period?

    <p>Atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ionic radii when an atom loses electrons to form cations?

    <p>Ionic radii decrease because there are fewer electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of an atom to attract electrons is known as ionization energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?

    <p>Carbonates (CO32-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anions are smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms due to increased electron repulsion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All chlorides are soluble in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronegativity trend across a period?

    <p>The electronegativity increases across a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the trends observed in the periodic table?

    <p>Atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of forces that influence the structure and properties of elements and compounds?

    <p>Intermolecular and Intramolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorine is considered the most electronegative element because of its strong __________ pull.

    <p>nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In double displacement reactions, one or more products typically forms a __________.

    <p>precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the trend of ionization energy as you go down a group?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Anions = Negatively charged ions with larger ionic radii Cations = Positively charged ions with smaller ionic radii Electron Repulsion = Result of additional electrons pushing away further Effective Nuclear Charge = Net positive charge experienced by electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metal hydroxides are generally __________ except for those formed with Group 1 and some Group 2 elements.

    <p>insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following metal cations with their charge:

    <p>Hydrogen = H+ Copper (ii) = Cu2+ Iron (iii) = Fe3+ Calcium = Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anions is associated with sulfate?

    <p>Sulfide (S2-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Van der Waal forces are considered strong intermolecular forces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of metallic bonding?

    <p>Positive ions are surrounded by mobile electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a decomposition reaction, a single compound is broken down into multiple products.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions?

    <p>Law of conservation of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four different state symbols used in chemical equations are ___, ___, ___, and ___.

    <p>aq, s, l, g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction involves a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element?

    <p>Single Displacement Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds can only form between atoms of different elements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a compound during a synthesis reaction?

    <p>It combines with other substances to form a single product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, products ____ the reactants.

    <p>form from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not involve a change in the number of atoms?

    <p>Balancing a chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CHEM EXAM 2024: THE CHEMICAL AWAKENS

    • Exam scheduled for December 10th
    • Exam duration: 1 hour and 45 minutes

    Topics

    • Chemistry Lab, Laboratory Equipments & Safety Regulations

      • Planning and Designing Experiments
        • Identifying and creating questions and hypotheses
        • Developing experimental procedures
        • Analyze various variables in investigations.
        • Analyze evidence, infer, make predictions, and explain observations.
        • Presenting quantitative data in scientific investigations.
        • Strengths and weaknesses of arguments and/or claims.
      • Chemical Bonding and Structure
        • Ionic Bonds
          • Forces of attraction due to ions of opposite charges
          • Occur between metals (which tend to lose electrons) and nonmetals (which tend to gain electrons)
        • Covalent Bonds
          • Bond formation through valence electron sharing between nonmetals.
          • Resulting in molecule formation
          • Examples: water (H₂O), hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂)
        • Lone pairs (non-bonding pairs): Electrons not directly involved in bonding.
    • Predict likelihood of ionic/covalent bonds based on atomic structure

    • Write formulae to represent ions and molecules

    • Chemical and Ionic Equations

      • Equations are a shorthand representation of reactions.
      • Ionic equations indicate participating atoms that change state.
    • Solubility & Insolubility Rules

      • Rules for predicting the solubility of compounds in water.
      • Compound categories and exceptions in solubility.
    • Polyatomic Ions

    • Cations and Anions

    • Types of Covalent Bonds

      • Single, double, triple bonds
    • Intra- and Inter-molecular forces

      • Properties based on attractive & repulsive forces within and between molecules.
      • van der Waals forces: Weak forces between oppositely-charged ends of molecules.
    • Structure And Properties of Ionic, Simple Molecular and Giant Molecular Crystals

      • Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Diamond, Graphite
    • Allotropes: Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.

    • Periodicity

      • Trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.
    • Periodic Table

      • Arrangement of elements based on atomic number (protons.)
      • Group trends in reactivity, properties, and bonding.
    • Trends in Period 3

    • Chemical Reactivity

      • Understanding reactions with oxygen, water, and acids.
    • Types of Reactions

      • Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement, Neutralization, Redox
      • Balancing chemical equations.
    • Predicting Properties of Elements Based on Position in the Periodic Table

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    Prepare for the upcoming Chemistry exam covering essential topics like laboratory safety, experimental design, and chemical bonding. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of ionic and covalent bonds as well as practical lab skills. Ensure you are ready for December 10th with thorough revision.

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