Chemistry: Electron Transfer and Octet Rule

Questions and Answers

What happens to sodium when it donates an electron to chlorine?

It becomes a cation. (correct)

It loses a proton.

It gains a negative charge.

It becomes an anion.

Which of the following statements correctly describes an anion?

An anion has a positive charge.

An anion has gained an electron. (correct)

An anion is more stable without an outer shell.

An anion donates electrons.

What is the primary reason sodium and chloride remain in contact in an ionic compound?

Both elements have similar electronegativities.

Sodium is less reactive than chloride.

Their shared electrons form a covalent bond.

The attraction between their opposite charges. (correct)

What is the role of water in relation to ionic compounds in the body?

Water acts as a solvent that dissolves ionic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when one atom donates electrons to another atom?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes substances that can conduct an electric current in solution?

Electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ionic compounds in solution?

They are poor conductors of electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for chlorine when it accepts an electron from sodium?

It becomes an anion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Bonds and Electron Transfer

Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell, requiring one more to achieve a stable octet.
Sodium donates one electron to chlorine, allowing both to satisfy the octet rule, leading to stability.
Post-transfer, sodium (11 protons, 10 electrons) becomes a positively charged ion (cation) while chlorine, having gained an electron, becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).
Ions are defined as atoms with an overall charge; anions are negatively charged, while cations are positively charged.

Formation of Ionic Compounds

An ionic bond forms when one atom donates electrons to another, creating an attraction between the resulting cation and anion.
This bonding results in the creation of ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride (table salt).

Role of Ions in the Body

Sodium and chloride ions are essential for various bodily functions.
Water makes up approximately 70% of body weight and acts as a solvent for ionic compounds.
The polarity of water molecules allows them to form hydration shells around ions, effectively breaking ionic bonds and dissolving ions.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances composed of charged particles that can conduct electric currents when dissolved in solution.
All ions in the body, such as sodium and chloride, qualify as electrolytes due to their ability to conduct electricity when in an aqueous solution.

Description

This quiz explores the concepts of electron transfer and the octet rule, specifically focusing on the interactions between sodium and chlorine atoms. Understand how sodium donates an electron to chlorine and how this process leads to stable ionic compounds. Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of atomic structure and electron configurations.