Chemistry Definition Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is Chemistry?

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance.

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter. (correct)

A chemical combination of matter in definite properties.

The study of substances that contain the element carbon.

What does Organic chemistry study?

The smallest chemical components of an element.

Substances that do not contain carbon.

The unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles.

Substances that contain the element carbon. (correct)

What is Inorganic chemistry?

The chemical combination of two or more atoms.

Study of substances that contain carbon.

The simplest form of chemical matter.

Study of substances that do not contain carbon. (correct)

What is Matter?

Any substance that occupies space and has mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Element?

The simplest form of chemical matter. Signup and view all the answers

What are Atoms?

The smallest chemical components of an element. Signup and view all the answers

What are Molecules?

A chemical combination of two or more atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound molecule?

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Chemical change?

A change in the chemical composition of a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Physical change?

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is Oxidation-reduction?

A chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized. Signup and view all the answers

What is Reduction?

The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is Combustion?

Rapid oxidation of a substance, producing heat and light. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Pure substance?

A chemical combination of matter with definite properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Solution?

A stable physical mixture of two or more substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Solute?

The substance that is dissolved in a solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Solvent?

The substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution. Signup and view all the answers

What does Miscible mean?

Liquids that are mutually soluble. Signup and view all the answers

What does Immiscible mean?

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Suspension?

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Emulsion?

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances. Signup and view all the answers

What are Surfactants?

Substances that allow oil and water to mix. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Emulsifier?

An ingredient that blends two incompatible materials. Signup and view all the answers

What are Alkanolamines?

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are Volatile alcohols?

Alcohols that evaporate easily. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ammonia?

Colorless gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is Glycerin?

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What are Silicones?

Special types of oil used in skin and hair products. Signup and view all the answers

What does pH stand for?

Potential hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Acidic solution?

A solution with a pH below 7.0. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Alkaline solution?

A solution with a pH above 7.0. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Basics

Chemistry explores the composition, structure, properties of matter, and its changes in different conditions.
Matter is defined as any substance that occupies space and has mass.

Types of Chemistry

Organic chemistry focuses on substances containing carbon.
Inorganic chemistry studies substances that do not contain carbon but may have hydrogen.

Fundamental Concepts

Elements are the simplest forms of chemical matter, indivisible without losing identity.
Atoms are the smallest components of an element, maintaining its properties.
Molecules result from the chemical combination of two or more atoms with definitive properties.
Compounds are specific types of molecules formed by different elements.

Chemical vs. Physical Changes

Chemical change alters a substance's composition, creating new products.
Physical change modifies a substance's form or properties without creating a new substance.

Key Reactions

Oxidation-reduction (redox) involves the transfer of oxygen, where the oxidizing agent is reduced, and the reducing agent is oxidized.
Reduction is when oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added to a substance.
Combustion is a rapid oxidation reaction yielding heat and light.

Properties of Substances

A pure substance features a consistent composition with fixed properties.
Solutions are stable mixtures of two or more substances, comprising a solute (dissolved) and a solvent (dissolving agent).
Miscible liquids are mutually soluble, forming stable solutions, while immiscible liquids cannot combine in this manner.

Mixtures and Their Classification

Suspensions feature undissolved particles in a liquid, making them unstable.
Emulsions are mixtures of immiscible substances combined with an emulsifier, increasing stability.
Surfactants help oil and water mix by reducing surface tension.

Specialty Chemicals

Alkanolamines neutralize acids and adjust the pH in hair products.
Volatile alcohols evaporate easily, while ammonia is a colorless gas made of hydrogen and nitrogen.
Glycerin serves as a moisturizer and solvent in cosmetics, and silicones are used in conditioners and skin lubricants.

pH Scale

pH, short for potential hydrogen, measures hydrogen ion concentration.
Acidic solutions have a pH below 7, while alkaline solutions have a pH above 7, indicating their respective acidity or basicity.

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Test your knowledge of essential chemistry terms with these flashcards. Each card contains a key definition that highlights important concepts in both organic and inorganic chemistry. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of the subject.