Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the charge of a proton?
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the charge of an electron?
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the relative mass of a proton?
What is the relative mass of a proton?
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
What is the relative mass of an electron?
What is the relative mass of an electron?
How many types of atoms do elements contain?
How many types of atoms do elements contain?
What are compounds?
What are compounds?
What are mixtures?
What are mixtures?
What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography?
What pattern is formed from carrying out paper chromatography?
Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
Which method of separation is useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?
Which method of separation is useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?
Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points?
Which method of distillation separates liquids with similar boiling points?
Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong?
Who discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong?
Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron?
Who devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron?
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements?
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements?
How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element related?
How are the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element related?
What kind of ions do metals form?
What kind of ions do metals form?
Where are the non-metals on the periodic table?
Where are the non-metals on the periodic table?
Give three properties which are specific to transition metals.
Give three properties which are specific to transition metals.
State three trends as you go down Group 1.
State three trends as you go down Group 1.
What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water?
What are the products of the reaction of a Group 1 metal and water?
What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals?
What's the difference between the hardness of Group 1 and transition metals?
What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals?
What's the difference between the reactivity of Group 1 and transition metals?
What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals?
What's the difference between the melting points of Group 1 and transition metals?
What trends occur as you go down Group 7?
What trends occur as you go down Group 7?
What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals?
What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals?
What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0?
What is the trend in boiling point as you go down Group 0?
What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?
What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?
What is relative atomic mass?
What is relative atomic mass?
How are positive ions formed?
How are positive ions formed?
How are negative ions formed?
How are negative ions formed?
Flashcards
Charge of Protons
Charge of Protons
Protons have a charge of +1.
Mass of Protons
Mass of Protons
Protons have a relative mass of 1.
Charge of Neutrons
Charge of Neutrons
Neutrons have no charge (0).
Mass of Neutrons
Mass of Neutrons
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Charge of Electrons
Charge of Electrons
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Mass of Electrons
Mass of Electrons
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Elements
Elements
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Compounds
Compounds
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Mixtures
Mixtures
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Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
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Filtration
Filtration
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Evaporation
Evaporation
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Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation
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Rutherford's Discovery
Rutherford's Discovery
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Bohr's Experiments
Bohr's Experiments
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Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
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Group Number
Group Number
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Metal Ions
Metal Ions
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Non-Metals Location
Non-Metals Location
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Transition Metals
Transition Metals
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Reactivity in Group 1
Reactivity in Group 1
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Group 1 Melting Points
Group 1 Melting Points
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Hydrogen Reaction
Hydrogen Reaction
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Group 7 Reactivity
Group 7 Reactivity
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Halogen Reactivity
Halogen Reactivity
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Group 0 Characteristics
Group 0 Characteristics
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Ion Formation
Ion Formation
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Nucleus Composition
Nucleus Composition
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Relative Atomic Mass
Relative Atomic Mass
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Study Notes
Charges and Mass of Subatomic Particles
- Protons have a charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1.
- Neutrons have no charge (0) and a relative mass of 1.
- Electrons have a charge of -1 and a very small relative mass.
Atoms, Compounds, and Mixtures
- Elements consist of only one type of atom.
- Compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded.
- Mixtures contain two or more different elements that are not chemically bonded.
Separation Techniques
- Paper chromatography results in a chromatogram, which reveals different components of a mixture.
- Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
- Evaporation or crystallization separates a soluble solid from a liquid.
- Fractional distillation is effective for separating liquids with similar boiling points.
Historical Discoveries in Chemistry
- Ernest Rutherford disproved the plum pudding model of the atom.
- Niels Bohr conducted experiments that confirmed the existence of neutrons.
- Dmitri Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for undiscovered elements and to group elements with similar properties.
Trends and Properties in the Periodic Table
- The group number indicates the number of electrons in an element's outer shell (e.g., sodium in Group 1 has 1 outer shell electron).
- Metals form positive ions, whereas non-metals are located on the right-hand side of the periodic table.
- Transition metals can form multiple ions, are often colored, and serve as effective catalysts.
Group Trends
- As you descend Group 1:
- Reactivity increases due to the weakening attraction between the nucleus and outer electrons.
- Melting and boiling points decrease.
- Relative atomic mass increases.
- The reaction of Group 1 metals with water produces hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides.
- Transition metals are generally harder, denser, and possess higher melting points compared to Group 1 metals.
Group 7 and Group 0 Overview
- In Group 7 (halogens), as elements are descended:
- Reactivity decreases as gaining an extra electron becomes more difficult.
- Melting and boiling points increase alongside higher relative atomic mass.
- Halogens form negative ions when they react with metals.
- In Group 0 (noble gases), boiling points increase down the group.
Ion Formation
- Positive ions are formed when metal atoms lose electrons.
- Negative ions are formed when non-metals gain electrons.
- The nucleus of an atom comprises protons and neutrons, while relative atomic mass refers to the mass of an element as a whole.
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Description
Test your understanding of key chemistry concepts including the charges and mass of subatomic particles, the distinction between elements, compounds, and mixtures, and various separation techniques. Additionally, learn about historical discoveries that have shaped modern chemistry. Challenge yourself and enhance your knowledge of this fascinating subject!
