Subatomic Particles and Chemical Bonds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of p+ particles in determining atomic mass?

  • They affect the reactivity of the atom
  • They contribute to the atomic number (correct)
  • They determine the number of electrons in an atom
  • They define the isotopic mass of the atom

What type of bonds require energy to make or break and involve sharing pairs of electrons?

  • Covalent bonds (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Van der Waals forces
  • Ionic bonds

What determines the solubility of a biological solution?

  • The specific heat capacity of the solution
  • The concentration of protons [H+]
  • The type of hydrogen bonds present (correct)
  • The arrangement of atoms in the solute

Which expression is more commonly used in biological solutions to denote concentration?

<p>Molarity (mol/L) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pH measure in a solution?

<p>The concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an acid do in a solution?

<p>Donates protons (H+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a job of proteins mentioned in the text?

<p>Cofactors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions do proteins engage in with other molecules?

<p>Noncovalent interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium state in protein-ligand binding reactions?

<p>Equal concentrations of bound products and unbound reactants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equilibrium constant ([PL] / [P][L]) indicate in reversible reactions?

<p>The degree of attachment between protein and ligand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a dissociation constant (Kd) greater than 1 indicate in protein-ligand binding affinity?

<p>Low protein-ligand binding affinity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do competitors refer to in the context of protein binding?

<p>Similar ligands that can compete for the binding site of a protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of a researcher who is designing a drug with specific cell receptor protein binding?

<p>Selecting molecules with high potential for success in binding to the cell receptor protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a cell modulate its response to a ligand?

<p>By increasing or decreasing the amount of a particular protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do membranes primarily regulate?

<p>Passage across boundaries and exchange with extracellular fluid (ECF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of biological membranes?

<p>Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do organelles facilitate within cells?

<p>Specialization of functions within cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does subcellular compartmentation contribute to cellular specialization?

<p>By enabling different organelles to carry out distinct functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

p+ Particles

Contribute to atomic number and mass of an atom.

Covalent Bonds

Bonds that involve sharing pairs of electrons.

Solubility in Biological Solutions

Determined by the type of hydrogen bonds present.

Molarity

Common way to denote concentration as mol/L.

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pH Measurement

Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+].

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Acid Function

Donates protons (H+) in a solution.

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Job of Proteins

Proteins have various roles but do not act as cofactors.

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Protein Interactions

Proteins engage in noncovalent interactions with other molecules.

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Equilibrium in Binding

State where bound and unbound concentrations are equal.

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Equilibrium Constant

Represents the degree of attachment between protein and ligand.

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Dissociation Constant (Kd)

Kd greater than 1 indicates low binding affinity.

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Competitors in Binding

Similar ligands that compete for a protein's binding site.

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Drug Design Focus

Choose molecules with high potential for receptor binding.

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Cell Response Modulation

Cells modulate response by adjusting protein levels.

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Membrane Regulation

Controls passage and exchange with extracellular fluid.

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Components of Biological Membranes

Mainly made of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

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Organelle Function

Facilitates specialization of functions within cells.

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Subcellular Compartmentation

Enables organelles to perform distinct functions.

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