18 Questions
What is the role of p+ particles in determining atomic mass?
They contribute to the atomic number
What type of bonds require energy to make or break and involve sharing pairs of electrons?
Covalent bonds
What determines the solubility of a biological solution?
The type of hydrogen bonds present
Which expression is more commonly used in biological solutions to denote concentration?
Molarity (mol/L)
What does pH measure in a solution?
The concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]
What does an acid do in a solution?
Donates protons (H+)
Which of the following is NOT a job of proteins mentioned in the text?
Cofactors
What type of interactions do proteins engage in with other molecules?
Noncovalent interactions
What is the equilibrium state in protein-ligand binding reactions?
Equal concentrations of bound products and unbound reactants
What does the equilibrium constant ([PL] / [P][L]) indicate in reversible reactions?
The degree of attachment between protein and ligand
What does a dissociation constant (Kd) greater than 1 indicate in protein-ligand binding affinity?
Low protein-ligand binding affinity
What do competitors refer to in the context of protein binding?
Similar ligands that can compete for the binding site of a protein
What is the main focus of a researcher who is designing a drug with specific cell receptor protein binding?
Selecting molecules with high potential for success in binding to the cell receptor protein
How can a cell modulate its response to a ligand?
By increasing or decreasing the amount of a particular protein
What do membranes primarily regulate?
Passage across boundaries and exchange with extracellular fluid (ECF)
What are the key components of biological membranes?
Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
What do organelles facilitate within cells?
Specialization of functions within cells
In what way does subcellular compartmentation contribute to cellular specialization?
By enabling different organelles to carry out distinct functions
Test your knowledge about subatomic particles, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as different types of chemical bonds such as covalent, noncovalent, and hydrogen bonds. Explore the roles of these particles and bonds in determining atomic mass, creating molecules, and forming charged atoms.
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