Questions and Answers
Which of the following is considered matter?
Mass and weight are the same thing.
False
What are the three distinct states of matter?
Solids, liquids, and gases
A __________ substance has a fixed chemical composition.
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Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
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What do we call a mixture that appears homogeneous but is actually heterogeneous?
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All mixtures are homogeneous.
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Which of the following substances is not a mixture?
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Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter occupies space and has mass; examples include gold, iridium, peanuts, people, and smoke.
- Energy, light, and sound, along with ideas and emotions, are not considered matter.
- Mass represents the quantity of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location; weight is affected by gravitational force.
- An astronaut's mass (95 kg) results in a weight of approximately 210 lb on Earth and about 35 lb on the Moon.
- Weight and mass are often used interchangeably in laboratories; 2.2 lb (weight) equals 1.0 kg (mass) under Earth's gravity.
- Matter exists in three states: solids (fixed shape and volume), liquids (fixed volume but conforming shape), and gases (no fixed shape or volume).
- Physical changes, such as water turning to steam or back, do not alter the chemical composition of substances.
Pure Substances and Mixtures
- A pure chemical substance has a fixed composition and distinctive properties, such as oxygen being a colorless, odorless gas at 25°C.
- Most materials are mixtures, consisting of two or more pure substances retaining their individual identities.
- Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout, e.g., air and tap water; these are also known as solutions, with variable compositions based on source or location.
- Solid solutions (alloys) also exist, such as dental amalgam with 50% mercury and various metals.
- Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform, displaying visible differences; examples include chocolate chip cookie dough and blue cheese.
- Homogeneous appearances can be misleading; substances like milk appear uniform but have distinct components when examined microscopically.
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Description
This quiz explores the classification of matter, including its structures, physical properties, and chemical properties. Understand the distinction between matter and non-matter through various examples. Perfect for chemistry students aiming to strengthen their foundational knowledge.
