Chemistry Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which statement best summarizes the difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

Molecular compounds contain highly directional covalent bonds, which results in the formation of molecules—discrete particles that do not covalently bond to each other. Ionic compounds contain non-directional ionic bonds, which results (in the solid phase) in the formation of ionic lattices—extended networks of alternating cations and anions. (correct)

The key difference between ionic and covalent compounds is the types of elements that compose them, not the way that the atoms bond together.

A molecular compound is composed of covalently bonded molecules. An ionic compound is composed of ionically bonded molecules (in the solid phase).

Molecular compounds contain covalent bonds in which one of the atoms shares an electron with the other one, resulting in a new force that holds the atoms together in a covalent molecule. Ionic compounds contain ionic bonds in which one atom donates an electron to the other, resulting in a new force that holds the ions together in pairs (in the solid phase).

What is the main goal of chemistry?

The main goal of chemistry is to create new elements and use them for the cure of incurable diseases.

The main goal of chemistry is to connect biology and physics.

The main goal of chemistry is to discover special properties of elements in order to create new materials for use in everyday life.

The main goal of chemistry is to seek to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules. (correct)

Which statement best explains the difference between a law and a theory?

A theory describes what nature does; a law describes why nature does it.

A law summarizes a series of related observations; a theory gives the underlying reasons for them. (correct)

A law is truth; a theory is mere speculation.

What theory did John Dalton formulate?

<p>The atomic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Difference Between Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of ions bonded through ionic bonds, forming ionic lattices in solid phases.
Molecular compounds are made of molecules held together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons.
Molecular compounds form discrete particles, while ionic compounds create extended networks of alternating cations and anions.

Main Goal of Chemistry

The primary aim of chemistry is to understand the behavior of matter by researching the behavior of atoms and molecules.
This understanding may involve connections to other sciences, but the focus remains on atomic and molecular interactions.

Difference Between a Law and a Theory

A scientific law summarizes observations and provides a consistent description of certain phenomena.
A theory explains why these phenomena occur, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying principles.
Laws are established facts, whereas theories may evolve as new information emerges.

John Dalton's Contribution

John Dalton formulated the atomic theory, which posits that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.
This theory laid the groundwork for modern chemistry by explaining the conservation of mass and the combination of elements.

Description

Test your understanding of key concepts from Chemistry Chapters 1 to 3 with these flashcards. This quiz focuses on the differences between ionic and molecular compounds, as well as other essential topics. Perfect for reviewing before exams or reinforcing your knowledge.